"Applications of Electromagnets" Magical electromagnet PPT courseware

"Applications of Electromagnets" Magical electromagnet PPT courseware

consolidate

1. Mark the N and S poles of the energized solenoid in the picture on the right, and mark the positive and negative poles of the power supply.

2. To make the magnetic poles of the electromagnet look like the picture on the right, please connect the two endpoints a and b of the wire to the two poles of the power supply.

discuss

1. How does an electromagnet work?

2. What is the difference between electromagnets and ordinary magnets?

3. How can the presence and strength of the magnetism of the electromagnet be controlled?

4. Why is the core of electromagnet made of soft iron? And not made of steel?

5. Why is the magnetism greatly enhanced after inserting the iron core?

Electromagnet: An energized solenoid with an iron core.

advantage:

1. The presence or absence of magnetism can be controlled, that is, the electromagnet is non-magnetic when the current is turned off.

2. The strength of magnetism can be controlled, that is, when the current is large, the magnetism is strong.

3. The direction of the magnetic field can be controlled, that is, when the direction of the current changes, the direction of the magnetic field changes.

Working principle: Close the switch, current passes through the electromagnet, and the magnet generates magnetism to attract the elastic piece, causing the hammer to hit the iron bell to make a sound. At the same time, the circuit is disconnected, the electromagnet loses its magnetism, and the circuit is closed again due to the elasticity of the elastic piece. . The above process is repeated in cycles, and the electric bell continues to make sounds.

Electromagnetic relay

1. Definition: An electromagnetic relay is an automatic switch controlled by an electromagnet.

2. Structure of electromagnetic relay

It consists of electromagnet, armature, spring and contacts. Its working circuit consists of two parts: a low-voltage control circuit and a high-voltage working circuit.

3. Features:

Use low voltage and weak current to control high voltage and strong current

The control function of electromagnetic relay

When the switch K is closed, the electromagnetic relay starts to work. The electromagnet pulls the armature down, turns on the high-voltage working circuit, the motor starts to work, and the light bulb L goes out. When the switch K is turned off, the electromagnet loses its magnetism, and the spring pulls the armature down, and the working circuit disconnect

4. Working principle: Close the switch K, connect the low-voltage circuit, the electromagnet generates magnetism, attract the armature, connect the high-voltage working circuit, the green light turns on, the motor starts to work, and the red light goes out. When switch K is turned off, the electromagnetic relay stops working and the red light shines.

The control circuit switch is used to control the presence or absence of magnetism of the electromagnet, and the armature is sucked and released to drive the contacts to control the working circuit.

Electromagnetic relay acts as a switch

How does the maglev train work?

Maglev trains are high-tech vehicles that utilize the attraction and repulsion of magnetic poles. The repulsive force makes the train hang, and the attractive force makes the train move. Maglev train carriages are equipped with superconducting magnets and coils are installed at the bottom of the railway. After being powered on, the polarity of the magnetic field generated by the ground coil always remains the same as the polarity of the electromagnet in the carriage. The two "magnetic poles with the same name repel each other", and the repulsive force makes the train levitate.

Unlike conventional trains, which are powered by a locomotive, maglev trains are powered by the track. Electromagnets are installed on the sides of the track, which interact with the magnets on the train.

When the train is running, the magnet (N pole) at the front of the car is attracted by the electromagnet (S pole) farther forward on the track, and at the same time repelled by the electromagnet (N pole) farther back on the track - the result is that the front " Pull" and "push" behind to make the train move forward.

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