"Ancient Science and Technology and Ideology and Culture (2)" The Spread and Development of Ancient Civilization PPT Courseware 5

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"Ancient Science and Technology and Ideology and Culture (2)" The Spread and Development of Ancient Civilization PPT Courseware 5

1. Outstanding Scientists

Archimedes was a great mathematician and mechanic in ancient Greece. He was born in Syracuse, Sicily around 287 BC and died in the same place in 212 BC.

(Ancient Greece) Archimedes: Law of Lever and Law of Buoyancy

Give me a fulcrum and I will lift the entire earth.

Archimedes' law

F float = ρ liquid (gas) gV discharge.

Leverage principle

Give me a fulcrum and I will flip the earth.

Archimedes determined the calculation methods for the areas of parabolic arcs, spirals, circles, and the surface areas and volumes of various complex geometries such as ellipsoids and paraboloids.

He used the method of increasing the number of sides and gradually approaching the areas of polygons inscribed and circumscribed in a circle to calculate pi more accurately.

Aristotle (384 BC - 322 BC), a Scythara native of ancient Greece, was one of the greatest philosophers, scientists and educators in the ancient history of the world.

Aristotle studied diligently throughout his life. His academic research involved logic, rhetoric, physics, biology, education, psychology, politics, economics, aesthetics, etc., and he wrote a large number of works. His works are ancient encyclopedias. It is said that there are four hundred to one thousand books, mainly including "On Instruments", "Metaphysics", "Physics", "Ethics", "Politics", "Poetics", etc. His thoughts had a profound impact on mankind. He founded formal logic, enriched and developed various branches of philosophy, and made great contributions to science.

There is no standard answer to this question, everyone can express it according to their own understanding. For example: "This sentence shows that science is power", "It shows that science can change the face of the world", "Archimedes saw that the power generated by the lever principle is huge and infinite" and so on.

2. Literature and Drama

Homer is a blind singer who travels everywhere.

Homer recited the epic poem

The history of Greece from the 11th century BC to the 9th century BC is called the "Homeric Age", named after Homer's epic poems. Homer's epic poems are the only written historical sources of this period. Including "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey" two works.

Homer's epic is not only an immortal literary work in the history of world literature, but also the earliest epic in Greece and the only written historical material of this period.

Literary achievements of ancient Greece

Ancient Greek literature is the source of all Western literature and the first peak of European literature. Ancient Greek literature reflects the real life in Europe during the transition period from clan society to slavery society, and especially reflects people's thinking about war and peace, and the relationship between man and nature in the ancient world. The outstanding heroic deeds and major changes in social history in the ancient Greek era are deeply reflected in literary works. These literary works not only set the tone for the development of Western literature as a whole, but also provided rich documentation for people to study the history and society of the ancient Greek world.

3. Famous buildings

European medieval church architecture

There are two main forms of medieval church architecture: the earliest one is called "Romanesque", which evolved from the earlier "Basilica" and looks like a feudal lord's castle. It shows the authority of the church with its strong, honest and unbreakable image, such as the Pisa Church in Italy. The latter is called "Gothic". Its form is lighter and more decorative than "Romanesque". It uses many sagittal volumes and spire-style decorations, with its towering and close to God. Feeling, controlling people's mental emotions. Such as Milan Cathedral in Italy and Notre Dame de Paris in France. The decorative art of medieval churches is an important part of Christian art. The interior of the church is decorated with a large number of decorative murals, window glass paintings, reliefs and circles that promote Christian doctrine.

Romanesque church architecture

The Crusades that began in 1096 AD triggered a religious upsurge in Europe. The feudal lords' religious fanaticism reached a state of intoxication. They tried their best to build spectacular churches and monasteries for their territories. This new form is called this in the history of architecture. It is "Romanesque" or Roman style.

Gothic church architecture

From the 12th century to the 15th century AD, the city had become the political, religious, economic and cultural center of various feudal kingdoms. During this period, Gothic art, a product of the great development of feudal society, emerged. "Goth" refers to barbarians, and Gothic art means barbaric art, which is a derogatory term. In the eyes of Europeans, Romanesque was an orthodox art, and the new architectural forms that followed were dismissed as "Gothic" (barbaric).

Chinese classical architecture

1. The palace and capital planning have the highest achievements, highlighting the idea of ​​supremacy of imperial power and the strict concept of hierarchy;

2. Pay special attention to the beauty of group combinations, either adopting a axially symmetrical courtyard-style layout, or a free-style layout, with the former being the main one;

3. Pay attention to a high degree of collaboration with nature and respect nature;

4. Artistic character pays special attention to the pursuit of beauty that is harmonious, easy, comprehensive and profound. Chinese architectural art is a profound reflection of the Chinese people’s ethics, aesthetics, values ​​and view of nature.

Consolidate training

1. The ancient Greek tragedy writer Sophocles pushed the ancient tragedy art to maturity. His representative work is ( )

A. "The Iliad" B. "The Arabian Nights"

C. "The Odyssey" D. "Oedipus the King"

2. Talk about the ancient world's achievements in science and technology, literature, drama and architecture.

Tip: Technology: Archimedes discovered the law of leverage and the law of buoyancy;

Literature: Ancient Greek "Homer's Epic" and Arabic "Arabian Nights";

Drama: "Oedipus Rex" by the ancient Greek tragedy writer Sophocles; Aeschylus, known as the "father of tragedy", and Aristophanes, the "father of comedy";

Architecturally: The Great Mosque of Mecca and Notre Dame Cathedral.

Activities and Inquiry Answer Tips

The characteristics of Chinese classical architecture are mainly symmetrical distribution along the central axis, clear layers and prominent main body.

Characteristics of Romanesque architecture: stone roofs and round arches are often used, and vaults are built with complex skeleton structures. Among them, the cross shape of the church's plane design is its main feature.

The characteristics of Gothic architecture: It is characterized by high, straight, pointed and strong upward sense in shape, light and slender structure, extensive use of small spiers, and colorful stained glass windows.

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"Ancient Science and Technology and Ideology and Culture (2)" The Spread and Development of Ancient Civilization PPT Courseware 8:

"Ancient Science and Technology and Ideology and Culture (2)" The Spread and Development of Ancient Civilization PPT Courseware 8 Learning Objectives 1. Knowledge Objectives: Two scientists, Archimedes and Aristotle, wrote three famous works, "Homer's Epic" and "Russia" King Dipus" and "Arabian Nights" are two famous writers...

"Ancient Science and Technology and Thought and Culture (2)" The Spread and Development of Ancient Civilization PPT Courseware 7:

"Ancient Science and Technology and Ideology and Culture (2)" The Spread and Development of Ancient Civilization PPT Courseware 7 Review the past and learn the new 1. The writing used by the ancient Egyptians is ( ) A. Oracle b． Cuneiform writing C. Phoenician letter D. Hieroglyphics 2. To check out the most primitive ancient West Asian...

"Ancient Science and Technology and Thought and Culture (2)" The Spread and Development of Ancient Civilization PPT Courseware 6:

"Ancient Science and Technology and Ideology and Culture (2)" The Propagation and Development of Ancient Civilization PPT Courseware 6 Course Standards Understand the famous ancient Greek epic "Homer" and the tragedy "Oedipus the King"; understand the collection of Arabian folk tales "Arabian Nights" "; Get to know the brilliant scientist Archimi...

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Update Time: 2024-11-19

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