"Ancient Science and Technology and Ideology and Culture (2)" The Spread and Development of Ancient Civilization PPT Courseware 3

"Ancient Science and Technology and Ideology and Culture (2)" The Spread and Development of Ancient Civilization PPT Courseware 3

god of mathematics

Archimedes (about 287-212 BC)

Greek Syracusans. He is undisputedly the greatest mathematician and scientist produced by ancient Greek civilization. His outstanding contributions in many scientific fields have earned him high respect from his contemporaries.

He found the area and volume of parabolic arcs, spirals, circles, and the volumes of complex geometric bodies such as ellipsoids and paraboloids. He wrote mathematical works such as "On Spheres and Cylinders", "On Cleaved Cones and Spheres", "Square of Parabolas", "On Spirals"; "On the Balance of Flat Plate", "On Floating Bodies", "On "Lever", "On the Center of Gravity" and other mechanical works. He also systematically demonstrated the lever principle and the law of floating bodies.

2. The cornerstone of literature

ancient greek epic

"Homeric"

Content: "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey"

Evaluation: An immortal masterpiece of world literature, it reproduces the picture of ancient Greek society and is an important historical material for studying Greek society.

If someone told you that he could fly freely in the sky without any external force, would you believe it?

If it were me, I would say " Arabian Nights "

3. The art of solidification

Knowledge Structure "Homer"

Literature and Drama "Oedipus the King"

"Talks of Arabian Nights"

Archimedes - invented the lever and the buoyancy theorem

Famous scientist Aristotle - founder of physics and botany

Zoology, logic, etc.

practise

1. The ancient Greek tragedy writer Sophocles pushed the ancient tragedy art to maturity. His representative work is ( )

A. "The Iliad" B. "The Arabian Nights"

C. "The Odyssey" D. "Oedipus the King"

2. The Arab Empire is called ( ) in Chinese history books

A. Persia B. Tianzhu C. Dashi D. Silla

3. Talk about the achievements in ancient science and technology, literature, drama and architecture in the world.

Answer: 1. In terms of science and technology: Archimedes, an outstanding scientist, is famous for discovering the law of leverage and the law of buoyancy;

2. Literature: Ancient Greece’s “Homer’s Epic” and Arabia’s “Arabian Nights.”

3. Drama: "Oedipus the King" by the ancient Greek tragedy writer Sophocles; Aeschylus, known as the "father of tragedy", and Aristophanes, the "father of comedy".

4. Architecture: There are the Great Mosque of Mecca in the East and Notre Dame de Paris in the West.

Briefly talk about the three major religions in the world.

Answer: 1. Buddhism originated in India in the 6th century BC, with its founder Sikya Muni. Buddhism advocates "the equality of all living beings" and opposes the special status of Brahmins;

2. Christianity originated in Palestine in the 1st century, and its founder was the legendary figure Jesus. Christianity initially opposed the wealthy and Roman rule.

3. Islam was born in Mecca on the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century, with its founder Muhammad. Islam's propaganda about monotheism helped to break down the narrow clan boundaries and promote the unity of Arabia.

The three major religions all have teachings about enduring suffering and obeying fate. Later, they were used by the ruling class as a tool to paralyze the people and strengthen their rule.

Chinese classical architecture

1. The palace and capital planning have the highest achievements, highlighting the idea of ​​supremacy of imperial power and the strict concept of hierarchy;

2. Pay special attention to the beauty of group combinations, either adopting a axially symmetrical courtyard layout or a free-style layout, with the former being the main one;

3. Pay attention to a high degree of collaboration with nature and respect nature;

4. Artistic character pays special attention to the pursuit of beauty that is moderate, easy, comprehensive and profound. Chinese architectural art is a profound reflection of Chinese people’s ethics, aesthetics, values ​​and view of nature.

Romanesque architecture

Romanesque architectural art is a new architectural art based on ancient Roman architecture and combining certain characteristics of Germanic and oriental architectural art. It is mainly used in church construction and decoration. Typical Romanesque buildings often include: doors and windows with semicircular vaults in the upper part, thick stone walls, domes, and thick and short columns. The vast walls of the interior are generally decorated with numerous murals of religious themes, and sculptures are widely used for decoration. Due to the narrow windows, indoor lighting is usually very dim.

Gothic architecture

The structural system of a Gothic church consists of stone skeleton coupons and flying buttresses. Its basic unit is to make double-center skeleton peak coupons on the four corners of a square or rectangular plane, one on each side and one on the diagonal, and the roof slates are placed on the coupons to form a vault. Using this method, coupons with the same sag height can be made on different spans. The vault is light in weight and has clear intersection lines, which reduces the thrust of the coupon feet and simplifies construction.

The flying buttresses are issued from the column piers outside the side hall to balance the lateral thrust of the arch feet of the central hall. In order to increase stability, spires are often built on column piers. Due to the use of pointed arches, pointed arches and flying buttresses, the interior space of the Gothic church is high, simple and unified. Decorative details such as canopies, niches, etc. are also themed with pointed coupons. The architectural style and structural techniques form an organic whole.

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"Ancient Science and Technology and Ideology and Culture (2)" The Spread and Development of Ancient Civilization PPT Courseware 8:

"Ancient Science and Technology and Ideology and Culture (2)" The Spread and Development of Ancient Civilization PPT Courseware 8 Learning Objectives 1. Knowledge Objectives: Two scientists, Archimedes and Aristotle, wrote three famous works, "Homer's Epic" and "Russia" King Dipus" and "Arabian Nights" are two famous writers...

"Ancient Science and Technology and Thought and Culture (2)" The Spread and Development of Ancient Civilization PPT Courseware 7:

"Ancient Science and Technology and Ideology and Culture (2)" The Spread and Development of Ancient Civilization PPT Courseware 7 Review the past and learn the new 1. The writing used by the ancient Egyptians is ( ) A. Oracle b． Cuneiform writing C. Phoenician letter D. Hieroglyphics 2. To check out the most primitive ancient West Asian...

"Ancient Science and Technology and Thought and Culture (2)" The Spread and Development of Ancient Civilization PPT Courseware 6:

"Ancient Science and Technology and Ideology and Culture (2)" The Propagation and Development of Ancient Civilization PPT Courseware 6 Course Standards Understand the famous ancient Greek epic "Homer" and the tragedy "Oedipus the King"; understand the collection of Arabian folk tales "Arabian Nights" "; Get to know the brilliant scientist Archimi...