"Analysis of the Causes of Soil Formation" Looking at Landform and Soil from the Circle Effect PPT

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"Analysis of the Causes of Soil Formation" Looking at Landform and Soil from the Circle Effect PPT

Part One: Explanation of Curriculum Standards

1. Use videos and images to master the definition, structure and characteristics of soil. (geographical practice)

2. Through graphic materials, master the factors that affect soil formation and be able to analyze its formation process. (Comprehensive thinking, geographical practical ability)

Analysis of the causes of soil formation PPT, part 2: independent preview

1. Understand the soil

1. Concept: Soil refers to the loose surface layer on the land surface that has a certain level of fertility and is capable of growing plants.

2. Mature soil has obvious vertical differences from the ground downward and can generally be divided into humus layer, leaching layer, sedimentary layer and soil-forming parent material layer.

3. The significance of studying soil profile

(1) Reflects the degree of soil development: The soil layer is thick and has many layers or obvious layers, indicating a high degree of soil development.

(2) Soil color, organic matter content, etc., can reflect the impact of environmental factors on the soil formation process to a certain extent.

4. Composition of soil

It is mainly composed of four parts: minerals, organic matter, water and air.

2. Main factors affecting soil formation

1. The main factors affecting soil formation: The influence of soil parent material, climate, biology, topography and human activities is the result of the interaction of four major circles.

2. Soil-forming parent material is the material basis for soil formation, providing the most basic minerals and inorganic nutrients for soil formation.

3. Climate provides water and heat for soil formation, which is the driving force for soil formation.

4. Biology is the decisive factor in soil formation. It provides organic matter to the soil, thereby changing the structure of the soil and forming fertility.

Among biological factors, plants play the most important role.

5. Topographic factors such as height, slope, and aspect affect conditions such as light, heat, and moisture. They also affect the transformation of materials, which in turn affects the development of soil.

6. Time determines the development process of soil.

7. In addition to natural factors, human activities also have an impact that cannot be ignored on soil formation.

Analysis of the causes of soil formation PPT, part three: self-test

1. True or False Question

(1) The land surface layer is the soil layer. ()

(2) The thicker the soil layer, the more layers, and the more obvious the stratification, the higher the degree of soil development. ()

(3)Soil is composed of minerals, organic matter and water. ()

(4) Soil-forming parent material is the material basis for soil formation and provides the most basic organic matter for soil formation. ()

(5) In areas that are warm and humid all year round, rocks weather quickly, microbial activity is strong, and soil formation is slow. ()

Answer: (1)× (2)√ (3)× (4)× (5)×

The picture on the right is a schematic diagram of the effects of various soil-forming factors. Read the picture and complete questions 2~4.

2. Which of the following statements is correct ()

A. Rocks mainly affect the soil layer thickness and water and heat conditions of the soil.

B. Climate mainly affects the hydrothermal conditions and physical and chemical properties of the soil.

C. Organisms mainly affect the development degree and mineral nutrients of the soil.

D. Topography mainly affects the texture characteristics and fertility characteristics of the soil.

3. Many chemical elements in the soil leave their original positions and change their original existence forms, and are enriched in the upper layer of the soil ()

A. It’s the effect of rocks B. It’s the effect of climate

C. It is the function of living things D. It is the function of terrain

4. During the construction of the Three Gorges Project, the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Finance jointly invested more than 1 billion yuan to rescue 40 million cubic meters of fertile soil in the Three Gorges reservoir area. This was the largest land relocation project in China to date. Among the following four contour lines (unit: meters), the four locations A, B, C, and D (all located in the reservoir area) have the deepest soil layers ()

A.A B.B

C.C D.D

Analysis: Question 2, soil-forming factors play different roles. Rocks mainly affect the mineral composition of the soil; climate mainly affects the hydrothermal conditions and physical and chemical properties of the soil; organisms mainly affect the source of organic matter in the soil, but cannot affect mineral nutrients; terrain Mainly affects the development process of soil. Question 3: Many chemical elements in the soil leave their original positions and change their original existence forms. They are enriched in the upper layer of the soil as a result of biological cycles. Question 4: Land A in the picture is a river valley. In the river valley area, the sediment thickness is large, the soil is well developed, and the soil layer is deep.

Answer:2.B　3.C　4.A

Analysis of the causes of soil formation PPT, part 4: exploration

Analysis of related characteristics and formation causes of black soil in Northeast China

Question exploration

The Northeast region is commonly known as black soil. The main reason is that it is distributed with typical black soil. People often say that on black soil, "oil flowers bloom when you pinch the black soil, and sprouts sprout even when you insert a pair of chopsticks." Black soil is a unique treasure given to mankind by nature. It is a kind of soil with good properties, high fertility and very suitable for plant growth. The black soil in Northeast China belongs to the "black soil in cold areas". Cold soil refers to the climate; black soil refers to the soil that evolved after long-term erosion of surface vegetation to form humus. The black soil formed in the cold climate has high organic matter content, fertile soil, and loose soil, which is most suitable for farming. Currently, only the Mississippi River Basin of the United States, the Great Plains of Ukraine and Northeast China have cold black soil in the world.

Northeastern my country is an important forest area with a high degree of diversity of vegetation species, which provides important prerequisites for the formation of black soil. The life and death of higher plants, and the action of microorganisms, make the organic matter content of black soil very high. It is distributed in the black soil area of ​​northeast my country in the Songliao River Basin, on the east and west sides of the mountains in the central and southern sections of the Daxingan Mountains, in the central part of the Songnen Plain in Northeast China and in the watershed area of ​​the Songhua River and the Liao River. It covers an area of ​​about 1.02 million square kilometers and is known as "Peking University". It is an important commodity grain base in my country.

Explore with materials:

(1) What is the main reason for the fertile black soil?

(2) In what climate environment did black soil develop and form?

(3) The hot and humid areas in southern my country have dense vegetation, but the developed soil has low organic matter content and is relatively poor. What is the main reason?

(4) The black soil distribution area in Northeast my country is currently experiencing a decrease in black soil fertility. How should we maintain it?

Tips: (1) Black soil is rich in organic matter and has high fertility.

(2) Black soil is mainly distributed in areas with higher latitudes, indicating that black soil is developed in a cold and humid environment.

(3) The climate in southern my country is hot and humid, with more precipitation. The leaching effect of the soil is strong, and the organic matter content in the soil is low and relatively poor.

(4) Methods such as fallowing, crop rotation, returning straw to the field, and increasing the application of organic fertilizer can be used for maintenance.

Lectures by famous teachers

The formation of soil is influenced by natural factors such as soil parent material, biology, climate, topography, and human activities. It reflects the interaction and mutual influence of natural geographical environment factors, and together form a whole.

1. The relationship between physical geographical elements and soil

2. Soil-forming parent material and soil

The influence of the particle size and chemical composition of soil-forming parent material on soil texture and chemical elements is shown in the figure below:

4. Organisms and Soil

Biology is the most active factor in the soil formation process and plays a leading role. The diagram is as follows:

5.Topography and soil

Topography mainly affects soil indirectly through the redistribution of material and energy.

6. Time and soil

The longer the soil development time, the thicker the soil layer and the more obvious the soil layer differentiation.

7. Human activities and soil

Human activities mainly affect the formation and evolution of soil by changing pedogenic factors, among which changes in surface biological conditions are the most prominent. Through reasonable farming management, humans can cultivate some fertile and high-yielding farming soils, such as paddy soil. Violating the natural laws of soil formation will cause soil degradation, such as reduced fertility, soil erosion, salinization, desertification and soil pollution and other negative effects.

Analysis of typical cases

Example questions Read the relationship diagram between soil and other physical geographical elements and complete the following questions.

(1) Which of the following statements about the relationship between organisms and soil is correct ()

A. The soil-forming parent material is most closely related to soil fertility.

B. Green plants promote the formation of soil

C. Plants are the only source of soil fertility

D. The forest has deep root systems and tall tree crowns, which directly provide abundant organic matter on the soil surface.

(2)Soil organic matter content()

A. In subtropical forest areas, temperatures are high and plant growth is large, but soil organic matter is lower than in temperate grassland areas.

B. Microorganisms in humid areas decompose quickly, and the soil organic matter content is lower than in dry areas.

C. The water and heat conditions in the hills south of the Yangtze River are good, and the organic matter of the red soil is higher than that of the alluvial soil of the Yellow River Delta.

D. Soil and water loss is serious in the Loess Plateau, and soil organic matter is lower than the cold desert soil of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Literacy intention: This question mainly tests students' comprehensive thinking ability. It is necessary to clarify the relationship between the soil in the picture and other influencing factors, so as to be able to solve the problem correctly.

Analysis: Question (1), organisms are the source of soil organic matter. The production of soil fertility is closely related to the role of organisms, but the mineral nutrients in the soil come from the parent material; forests directly provide less organic matter to the soil surface. So choose B. Question (2), the amount of soil organic matter is related to the amount of litter and thermal conditions. In places with lower temperatures, microbial action is slower and organic matter accumulates more. Although the growth of organisms is large in high-temperature and humid areas, the soil accumulates less organic matter due to strong microbial activity. Therefore choose A.

Answer:(1)B　(2)A

Analysis of the causes of soil formation PPT, part 5: In-person testing

1. Among the soils under various climate types below, the one with the deepest weathering crust is ()

A. Tropical rainforest climate B. Subtropical monsoon climate

C.Temperate maritime climate D.Mediterranean climate

Analysis: Among soils under various climate types, the one with the deepest weathering crust is the tropical rain forest climate. The high temperature and rainy environment has strong leaching effect, which is conducive to the weathering development of rock formations and the weathering layer is deep.

Answer:A

2. Among the following soil types, the one with the better degree of development is ()

A. Jiangnan hilly red soil B. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau cold desert soil

C. Aeolian sand soil in the northwest region D. Black soil in the northeastern plains

Analysis: Alpine desert soil, red soil, and aeolian sand soil contain less organic matter and have a lower degree of development. The black soil of the Northeast Plain is rich in organic matter, the organic matter layer is relatively thick, and the soil is well developed.

Answer:D

3. Among the following soil-forming factors, the ones that mainly act on soil indirectly through the redistribution of material and energy are ()

A. Topography B. Climate C. Biology D. Parent material

Analysis: The hydrothermal conditions in the climate directly affect the content of organic matter in the soil and the thickness of the weathering crust. Biology is the source of soil organic matter. The production of soil fertility is closely related to biological effects; soil-forming parent material is the initial state of soil and is formed by soil. Material basis, which directly affects the formation of soil. Gentle slopes are dominated by deposition, while steep slopes are dominated by erosion, which affects soil thickness; windward slopes and leeward slopes affect precipitation in different slope directions, and sunny slopes and shady slopes affect the light and heat conditions in different slope directions, thereby affecting the soil. water and heat conditions, so it acts indirectly on the soil.

Answer:A

The Amazon Plain, located near the equator, experiences high temperatures and rain all year round, forming a biologically diverse tropical rainforest landscape and developing brick red soil. Complete questions 4~5.

4. There is a close relationship between climate, vegetation, and soil in the Amazon plain. Which of the following statements is correct ()

A. The climate is hot and humid, and organic matter decomposes vigorously

B. Red soil has sufficient nutrients

C. The soil is alkaline

D. Rainforest species are relatively single

5. The brick red soil developed in the tropical rainforest environment of the Amazon plain should have the following characteristics: ()

A. High organic matter content B. Mostly dark brown

C. Mostly alkaline D. The soil layer is thick

Analysis: Question 4: High temperature and rain are beneficial to the growth of plants, forming tropical rainforest vegetation and strong biodiversity; high temperature and rain make microorganisms decompose litter and leaves faster and more thoroughly, and the leaching effect is strong, making the soil poor and acidic. . Therefore A is correct. Question 5: In the tropical rain forest climate zone, the leaching effect of the soil is strong, the organic matter content is low, iron and aluminum remain in the soil, the color is brick red, the soil layer is deep, the texture is heavy, and it is acidic to strongly acidic. Therefore D is correct.

Answer:4.A　5.D

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For more information about the PPT courseware "Looking at Landform and Soil from the Function of Circles and Analyzing the Causes of Soil Formation", please click the "Looking at Landform and Soil from the Function of Circles ppt to Analyze the Causes of Soil Formation" ppt tag.

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Update Time: 2024-10-19

This template belongs to Geography courseware Lu Ke version of high school geography compulsory course I industry PPT template

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