"Amount of Matter" Important elements in seawater - sodium and chlorine PPT (Lesson 2: Gas molar volume)

Description

"Amount of Matter" Important elements in seawater - sodium and chlorine PPT (Lesson 2 Molar Volume of Gas)

Part One: Learning Objectives

Curriculum Standards

1. Understand the meaning and application of gas molar volume, and appreciate the important role of quantitative research in chemical science.

2. Be able to understand the composition of matter and its chemical changes based on the amount of matter, and use the relationship between the amount of matter, molar mass, and gas molar volume to perform simple calculations.

core competencies

1. Concept of change: Understand the important role of gas molar volume in quantitative chemical research.

2. Macroscopic identification and microscopic analysis: Establish the concept of gas molar volume, and quantitatively understand the composition of matter and the chemical changes of matter based on gas molar volume.

Amount of matter PPT, part 2 content: Knowledge point 1 Avogadro’s law

1. Determinants of the size of a substance: ______________, __________, _______________.

2. Explore and discuss

(1)Analyze data

(2)Conclusion

①The temperature and pressure are constant, the number of particles contained in 1 mol of different solids or liquids is _____, and the distance between the particles is very small, but the __________ of different substances are different, so the volume of 1 mol of different solids or liquids is often __________ .

②For gases, the distance between particles is usually many times larger than the diameter of the particles themselves. Therefore, when the number of particles is the same, the volume of the gas mainly depends on the gas_______________.

③Temperature and pressure will affect the gas volume to a great extent. When the pressure is constant and the temperature increases, the distance between particles _____, and the gas volume _____; otherwise, the gas volume _____. When the temperature is constant and the pressure increases, the distance between particles _____, and the gas volume _____; conversely, the gas volume increases.

④When the temperature and pressure are constant, the distance between any gas particles is __________. Therefore, under the same _____ and _____, any gas with the same number of particles has _______________.

3. Avogadro's Law: At the same temperature and pressure, the same volume of any gas contains __________ particles.

Troubleshooting

Corollary to Avogadro's law

special reminder

(1) Avogadro’s law applies to both single gases and mixed gases.

(2) Same temperature, same pressure, same volume and same number of molecules coexist and restrict each other. As long as the "three samenesses" are established, the "fourth sameness" must be true.

use as you learn

1. The following four factors: ① temperature and pressure; ② the number of particles contained; ③ the size of the particles themselves; ④ the distance between particles. Among them, the ones that have a significant impact on the volume of gaseous substances are ()

A. ②③④ B． ②④

C. ①③④ D. ①②④

2. At present, 1molH2 and 1molO2 are at the same temperature and pressure. Which of the following statements is correct ()

A. Same mass, different volumes

B. Same number of molecules but different masses

C. Same volume but different number of molecules

D. Same volume, different number of atoms

3. At a certain temperature and pressure, 2 volumes of X2 gas and 3 volumes of Y2 gas react completely to produce 2 volumes of gas compound Z, then the chemical formula of Z may be ()

A. XY3B． XY C. X3YD. X2Y3

Amount of substance PPT, part 3 content: Knowledge point 2 Gas molar volume

1. Definition: The volume occupied by gas in unit ____________.

2. Units and symbols: The units are ______ and _______, and the symbol is Vm.

3. Expression: Vm=Vn.

4. Special case: Under standard conditions (i.e. 0°C and 101kPa), the molar volume of gas is approximately ____________.

5. Four Notes on Using Gas Molar Volume

Troubleshooting

Gas molar volume related calculations

use as you learn

1. Which of the following descriptions about the molar volume of gases is correct ()

A. The volume occupied by a gas per unit amount of substance is the gas molar volume

B. The molar volume of gas at normal temperature and pressure is approximately 22.4L

C. The molar volume of gas under standard conditions is approximately 22.4L

D. The molar volumes of gases with the same amount of substance are also the same

2. It is known that the mass of 5.6L of X gas molecules under standard conditions is 8g, then the molar mass of X gas is ()

A. 16 GB. 32g

C. 64g/mol D. 32g/mol

3. (2019•Zhengzhou Senior High School Test) Use NA to represent the value of Avogadro's constant. The correct one in the following description is ()

A. At normal temperature and pressure, the number of atoms contained in 11.2LCO2 is 1.5NA

B. At normal temperature and pressure, the number of oxygen atoms contained in 48gO3 is 3NA

C. Under standard conditions, the number of molecules contained in 22.4LH2O is NA

D. Under standard conditions, the number of atoms contained in 22.4LH2 is NA

Quantity of matter PPT, part 4 content: Qualification examination training

1. Under the same temperature and pressure, if two gases occupy different volumes, the main reason is ()

A. Gas molecules vary in size

B. The average distance between gas molecules is different

C. The amount of gas substances varies

D. Gases have different molar masses

2. When the volume ratio of methane to oxygen in the gas is 1:2, it is extremely explosive. At this time, the mass ratio of methane to oxygen is ()

A. 1:1　B． 1:2

C. 1:3 D. 1:4

3. The volume of the following substances is approximately 22.4L ()

A. 1molH2O under standard conditions

B. 36.5gHCl at 20℃, 101kPa

C. 17gNH3 at normal temperature and pressure

D. Mixed gas of 0.4molH2 and 0.6molO2 at 0℃ and 101kPa

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Update Time: 2024-11-03

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