"American Civil War" The struggle of the proletariat and the strengthening of bourgeois rule PPT courseware 2

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"American Civil War" The struggle of the proletariat and the strengthening of bourgeois rule PPT courseware 2

Have you observed the change in the American flag? Do you know what this change indicates?

"You are the lady who wrote this book that caused our great war. Thank you for writing this book." - Lincoln said to the novelist Mrs. Stowe

Discussion and Thought: Did "Uncle Tom's Cabin" really cause this war?

Find out: What aspects of the contradiction between the two economic systems are reflected in the following materials?

Material 1: Planters in the South shipped cotton and other raw materials to Britain, and imported large quantities of industrial products from Britain. (This also reflects the difference between the southern slave plantation economy and the slavery system of ancient slave societies. The former is linked to the market, importing cheap British goods from Britain, and is more willing to sell cotton and other raw materials abroad to obtain more more income)

Material 2: The northern bourgeoisie hopes to raise tariffs to protect local industries, while the southern plantation slave owners advocate free trade so that they can obtain cheap imported goods.

Material 3: Southern plantation slave owners used the slave production method to occupy a large amount of labor; the development of the northern capitalist economy requires a large amount of cheap free labor.

Material 4: Regarding the newly expanded western territories, the North hopes to join the Union as a free state; the South hopes to join the Union as a slave state.

1. Reasons for the outbreak of the Civil War:

Reason: The contradiction between the two economic systems of the North and the South is irreconcilable.

Focus: The survival or abolition of slavery

"Black Henry ran away. His left eye had been gouged out, there were several dagger stab wounds on his left arm and ribs, and whip marks were all over his body."

"A reward of $50 was offered for the capture of Jem Black, a black man. A piece of both of his ears had been cut off, and the middle finger of his left hand had been chopped off to the second joint."

"A black girl escaped, named Mary. There was a small scar above her eye, many teeth were knocked out, and the letter A was branded on her cheek and forehead."

2. “It is my bounden duty to abolish slavery.”

Lincoln's experiences before he was elected president

In 1816, his family was evicted from their home and he had to work to support them

In 1818, his mother died.

In 1831, business failed.

1832, ran for state senate - lost, then lost his job

In 1833, he borrowed money to start a business, but he went bankrupt at the end of the year. It took him sixteen years to pay off the debt.

1834, ran for state Senate again - won

In 1835, after being engaged and about to get married, his fiancée died and his heart was broken.

In 1836, he suffered a complete mental breakdown and was bedridden for 6 months.

In 1840, he tried to become an elector and failed.

In 1843, he ran for Congress and lost.

In 1846, he ran for Congress again and was elected this time.

In 1848, he sought re-election as a member of Congress and failed.

In 1849, he tried to take the job of land commissioner in his own state, but was rejected.

In 1854, he ran for the U.S. Senate and lost.

In 1856, he ran for the nomination of Vice President and received less than 100 votes.

In 1858, he ran for the U.S. Senate again and lost again.

1860, elected President of the United States

Why did Lincoln's election as president lead to the Civil War?

Lincoln came to power as a Republican who represented the interests of the northern bourgeoisie, sympathized with black slaves, and opposed slavery. This meant that within at least four years, the Lincoln government would definitely exercise power to gradually restrict and abolish black slavery. The southern planters took advantage of Lincoln's election. Consider it a disaster.

1. The outbreak of war

The situation at the beginning of the war

Northern troops were at a disadvantage.

Reason: The North was poorly prepared in the early stages of the war and lacked outstanding generals; the Southern Alliance was well prepared and powerful.

Initial position: The Northern Army was losing ground.

1. "In order to reverse the unfavorable situation at that time, if you were a senior adviser to President Lincoln, what suggestions should you make to President Lincoln?"

2. How did Lincoln take measures? What are the important elements of this measure?

Enactment of the Emancipation Proclamation and Homestead Act

The Impact of the Emancipation Proclamation on the War Situation

Blacks launched an uprising behind the Confederacy and launched a guerrilla war, containing 40,000 enemy troops.

500,000 black slaves escaped, severely damaging the southern plantation economy

200,000 black men drafted into the Army

250,000 people serve as logistics personnel for the army

More than 180,000 black people directly participated in the battle, including more than 130,000 from the southern rebel states

2. Victory of the North

Publication of the Emancipation Proclamation

Time: September 1862

①Freed the black slaves

②Blacks enthusiastically joined the army, and the northern army gained abundant manpower.

③Accelerated the victory of the North

Comment on Lincoln:

①Follow the historical trend and safeguard the unity of the country;

② At the most critical moment of the Civil War, destroy slavery in a revolutionary way;

③Solve the people’s demands for land;

④Paves the way for the take-off of the American capitalist economy;

——The most outstanding bourgeois politician in American history after Washington

The Nature and Significance of the Civil War

1. Nature: It is the second bourgeois revolution in American history

2. Significance: It maintained the unity of the country, abolished black slavery, cleared another obstacle to the development of capitalism, and created conditions for rapid economic development in the future.

Discuss

There have been two major obstacles in the history of American capitalist development. What are they? In what ways did the United States remove obstacles?

First try

(In rebel areas) "All persons who are slaves for human possession shall be free at that time (referring to New Year's Day, 1863) and forever thereafter." free."

1. Where does this material come from? What role did its promulgation play at that time?

2. Is the "eternal freedom" mentioned in the material really realized today?

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