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"Air" The air around us PPT courseware 3
1. What is air made of?
1. The contribution of French chemist Lavoisier
Lavoisier concluded through experiments that air is composed of oxygen and nitrogen, with oxygen accounting for 1/5 of the total volume of air.
2. Determine the oxygen content in the air
1. Please name the instrument.
2. Observe the experiment and describe the experimental phenomena:
(1) Red phosphorus burns, emits a yellow flame, and produces a large amount of white smoke;
(2) After cooling, open the spring clamp, the water flows back into the gas collecting bottle, and the water surface rises by about 1/5 of the volume.
Example 1. The volume of oxygen in 100 liters of air is approximately ( )
A 78 liters B 78% C 21 liters D 21%
Example 2. The volume ratio of oxygen to nitrogen in the air is approximately ( )
A 4:1 B 1:4 C 1:5 D 5:1
practice
Answer questions as requested:
①Add a small amount of water to the gas collecting bottle
② Check the air tightness of the device
③Put enough red phosphorus into the burning spoon and tighten the water-stop clamp
④Ignite the red phosphorus, put it into the gas collecting bottle and tighten the rubber stopper
⑤Open the water stopper after the gas bottle has cooled down
2. Air is a precious resource:
1. The purpose of oxygen: It used to be called "nourishing Qi"
2. Uses and properties of nitrogen
Discussion: P29
1. Nitrogen cannot support combustion.
2. The water surface will not continue to rise, indicating that nitrogen is not easily soluble in water.
3. Some properties of nitrogen can only be explained to a certain extent. For example, air is not easily soluble in water, which is consistent with nitrogen, but air can support combustion and breathing, but nitrogen cannot.
Summary of the properties of nitrogen: colorless, gas, odorless, low density, low melting and boiling point, not easily soluble in water, cannot burn, and does not support combustion.
3. Protect the air
1. Harmful substances emitted into the air and their sources
2. Dangers of air pollution:
It will seriously damage human health, affect crop growth, and destroy ecological balance.
3. Three major environmental issues
Greenhouse effect Increased CO2 content
Ozone hole Freon etc.
Acid rain SO2, NO2, etc.
4. Methods to protect the air:
Strengthen air quality monitoring, improve environmental conditions, use clean energy, and actively plant trees, afforestation, grass, etc.
After studying this topic you should know
1. The composition of air by volume is approximately: 21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, 1% rare gases, etc.
2. A pure substance consists of one substance; a mixture consists of two or more substances. Oxygen, nitrogen, etc. are pure substances, and air is a mixture.
3. Air is a precious natural resource, and air pollution must be prevented.
Practice in class:
1. The composition of air is calculated by volume. Which of the following conclusions is incorrect ( )
A. Nitrogen accounts for 78% B. Other gases and impurities account for about 0.03%
C. Carbon dioxide accounts for 0.94% D. Oxygen accounts for 21%
2. The respiration of humans and other animals and plants and the burning of fuel consume a large amount of ( )
A. Nitrogen B. Oxygen C. Carbon dioxide D. Rare gas
3. The gas in the air that can make clear lime water turbid is ( )
A. Nitrogen B. Oxygen C. Carbon dioxide D. Rare gas
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