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"Air Pollution and its Protection" Resource Protection and Environmental Crisis PPT Courseware 3
1. Overview of air pollution
Air pollution refers to the phenomenon that the quantity (concentration) of pollutants in the atmosphere exceeds the normal content of the atmosphere and lasts for a certain period of time, which is enough to cause adverse effects and harm to people, organisms, materials, and climate.
Aerosol pollutants: fog, dust, and particulate matter in the sky. Smoke formed from unburned fuel in boilers and various engines used in industry and transportation, solid dust formed during mining, quarry grinding and grain processing, artificial shelter smoke screens and toxic smoke, etc. All are specific examples of aerosols.
Gaseous pollutants: sulfur oxides mainly composed of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides mainly composed of nitrogen dioxide, carbon oxides mainly composed of carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbons combined with carbon and hydrogen.
(1) Acid rain
The formation of acid rain is mainly caused by the continuous emission of acid gases such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere during the burning of coal, oil, natural gas, etc. Note: Acid rain does not only refer to "rain", but also includes snow, Hail, fog and other acidic forms of precipitation.
Acid rain in my country: (mainly sulfuric acid type acid rain)
A． Features: Coal is the main energy source. With economic development, the distribution range of acid rain also tends to expand.
B. Changes in distribution range: Southwest region in the 1980s. In the 1990s, it expanded to the south of the Yangtze River and the east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Currently expanding to North China and Northeast China
Harm to the environment: (acidification, corrosion)
A． Aquatic ecology: Acidifying river and lake water, affecting the growth and reproduction of fish, and even causing mass deaths;
B. Soil ecology: acidifies the soil, causing nutrient leaching, affecting the activity of microorganisms, reducing soil fertility, and reducing crop yields;
C． Plant growth: corrodes leaves, blocks photosynthesis, affects forest growth, and causes forest trees to die in patches;
D. Buildings: Corrodes stone and steel, causing damage to buildings, railway tracks, bridges and cultural relics.
(2) Photochemical smog
Photochemical smog is an irritating light blue smog produced by the action of solar ultraviolet rays from nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons emitted into the atmosphere.
Photochemical smog generation conditions
①. Emit large amounts of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons.
②. Strong UV rays from the sun.
③. Temperature inversion and meteorological conditions that are not conducive to diffusion.
④. Terrain: such as valley and basin terrain.
Frequent season: summer and autumn.
2. Air pollution prevention and control
Key: Control pollution sources and reduce pollutant emissions
Main ways and measures
Improve energy consumption structure, develop and utilize clean energy and low-pollution energy
Central heating
Pretreat fuel and improve combustion technology
Waste gas treatment and recycling
Develop public transportation
Afforestation and scientific planning of urban green space area
1. Control pollution sources
①Improve the energy consumption structure and develop pollution-free and low-pollution energy
②Central heating to reduce hazards.
③Pretreat fuel and improve combustion technology.
④ Use smoke and dust removal technology to reduce pollutant emissions.
2. Planting trees
Planting trees can not only green the environment, but also purify the atmosphere, absorb dust, and absorb pollutants in the atmosphere.
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