"Active Metal Element - Sodium" Sodium and its compounds PPT

Description

"Active Metal Element - Sodium" Sodium and its compounds PPT

Part 1: Essential knowledge and foundation of literacy

1. Physical properties of sodium

2. Structure and chemical properties of sodium

There are only __ electrons in the outermost electron shell of sodium. In chemical reactions, this electron

It's easy to _____. Therefore, the chemical properties of sodium are very active and show many

Strong _____ nature.

1. Reaction of sodium and oxygen

【Smart Judgment】

(1) Metal sodium reacts with oxygen at room temperature to form sodium peroxide. ()

Tip:×. Metal sodium reacts with oxygen at room temperature to form sodium oxide, and under ignition or heating conditions, it forms sodium peroxide.

(2) When metallic sodium is heated in the air, the sodium burns violently and produces a yellow flame. ()

Tips:√. When metallic sodium is heated in the air, it burns violently and produces a yellow flame.

(3) In the reaction between sodium and oxygen, sodium is used as a reducing agent regardless of room temperature or heating conditions. ()

Tips:√. The reaction between sodium and oxygen increases the valence from 0 to +1 and serves as a reducing agent.

2. Reaction of sodium and water

(1) Experimental research

(2) Experimental conclusion: Sodium reacts violently with water to form _____, and the chemical equation is _______________.

【Situation·Thinking】

When a crew member was transporting an iron barrel containing sodium, he accidentally opened the lid. Thick white smoke immediately came out of the barrel. As soon as he touched the contents of the barrel, his hands immediately felt severe pain. In desperation, he pushed the barrel away. To the river. When it comes into contact with water, the barrel explodes immediately. The firefighters found a larger white plastic bucket, placed the salvaged iron bucket inside, and soaked it in kerosene.

Active metal elemental sodium PPT, part 2 content: key abilities and literacy formation

Knowledge point 1: Changes in sodium concentration in the air

[Key points to clarify doubts]

1. Corresponding changes

Metal sodium is exposed to the air for a long time and eventually completely transforms into Na2CO3 powder.

2.Change process

3. Chemical equations that undergo major changes

(1)4Na+O2====2Na2O

(2)Na2O+H2O====2NaOH

(3)2NaOH+CO2====Na2CO3+H2O

Na2CO3+10H2O====Na2CO3·10H2O

(4)Na2CO3·10H2O====Na2CO3+10H2O

【Think·Discussion】

(1) Will Na2O2 be formed when sodium element is exposed to the air? Why?

Tip: No. Sodium will react with O2 to form Na2O2 only under heating conditions, so Na2O2 will not be formed when sodium element is exposed to the air.

(2) Is the formation of Na2CO3 from the weathering of Na2CO3·10H2O a chemical change or a physical change?

Hint: chemical changes. Weathering is a process in which crystal hydrates lose crystal water in dry air and form new substances, so it is a chemical change.

【Case Demonstration】

[Typical example] (2019 Zibo Grade 1 Test) Sodium easily deteriorates when exposed to air. The substances that cannot be produced during its deterioration process are ()

A.Na2OB.NaOHC.NaHCO3D.Na2CO3

[Problem Solving Guide] You should pay attention to the following two points when answering this question:

(1)NaOH can react with carbon dioxide in the air.

(2) The carbon dioxide content in the air is small and cannot react with sodium hydroxide to generate NaHCO3.

[Analysis] Choose C. The change process of sodium when exposed to air is Na→Na2O→NaOH→Na2CO3·10H2O→Na2CO3. It is impossible for NaHCO3 to be generated.

Knowledge point 2: The essence of the reaction between sodium and water, acid, alkali and salt solution

[Key points to clarify doubts]

1. Reaction of sodium and water (with drops of phenolphthalein)

2. React with acid solution

3. Reaction with alkaline solution: its essence is the reaction between sodium and water

For example, the reaction between sodium and sodium hydroxide solution is the reaction between sodium and water.

4. React with salt solution

【Think·Discussion】

(1) What happens when sodium is put into dilute hydrochloric acid? Which reaction is more severe between sodium and water? Why?

Tips: Floating, melting, swimming, and ringing, the reaction between sodium and hydrochloric acid is more violent than the reaction with water, because the essence of the reaction between sodium and water is the reaction between sodium and H+. The concentration of H+ in hydrochloric acid is greater than that in water, so it is more violent.

(2) Can sodium displace metals from salt solutions? Why?

Tip: Sodium cannot displace metals from salt solutions because sodium will react with water first to form NaOH and H2, and then NaOH will react with salt.

【Case Demonstration】

[Typical example] When a small amount of metallic sodium is put into the aqueous solution of the following substances, gas is released and the solution quality is reduced: ()

A.HClB.NaOHC.K2SO4D.CuSO4

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Update Time: 2024-09-10

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