"The Outbreak of World War II" The Rapidly Turbulent Modern World PPT Courseware

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"The Outbreak of World War II" The Rapidly Turbulent Modern World PPT Courseware

1. Fascism

1. The establishment of fascism in Italy, Germany, and Japan

①Fascism

Fascism is a reactionary social thought and movement that arises to overcome the crisis when the capitalist society falls into crisis. Fascism emphasizes the replacement of democracy with dictatorship internally and aggression and expansion externally. Italian fascism first seized power in 1922. The German Nazis and fascists took advantage of the world economic crisis of 1929-1933 and came to power on January 1, 1933. The Japanese military fascists continued to expand their war of aggression against China and established a fascist dictatorship.

The word "fascism" comes from Italian, which means "bundle of sticks", a symbol of power.

②Mussolini

Mussolini was born in Doviati Predapio, Italy, on July 29, 1883, in a family of blacksmiths. Mussolini believed in socialism and atheism in his early years and joined the Socialist Party. The outbreak of World War I drastically changed Mussolini, turning him from the far left to the far right ideologically, turning to war fanaticism and quitting the Italian Socialist Party. In 1921, Mussolini founded the National Fascist Party. Mussolini launched a coup on October 28, 1922, and was appointed prime minister by King Emanuele III of Italy on October 30. Mussolini declared the National Fascist Party as the only legal political party in Italy in January 1925, thus establishing the Italian fascist dictatorship.

③Fascistization of Japan

Japan's fascism was gradually realized by the military under the framework of the modern emperor. In 1936, the Japanese military established its dominance over the cabinet. In 1937, as Japan launched a full-scale war of aggression against China, the national system clearly shifted towards fascism. Dictatorship transformed, and Japan's fascist system was fully established in 1940.

④Hitler and the Nazi Party

The German fascist party, the Nazi Party, was particularly racist and aggressive. Hitler was the leader of the Nazi Party. He tried his best to propagate the superiority of the German nation. He used the German people's desire to change the psychological constraints of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany to encourage the overthrow of the democratic government and the establishment of a fascist dictatorship that advocated expansion. In January 1933, Hitler became Chancellor of Germany and began to implement the fascist reign of terror in Germany. Domestically, Hitler implemented the one-party dictatorship of the Nazi Party, abolished the basic rights of citizens, promoted cultural absolutism, and persecuted the Jews, whom the Nazis called an "inferior race."

2. The formation of the fascist axis

In terms of foreign policy, Hitler abandoned the Treaty of Versailles and actively expanded his armaments to prepare for war. At the same time, he concluded the Anti-Comintern Pact with the Italian and Japanese fascist regimes from 1936 to 1937, forming the "Berlin-Rome-Tokyo" fascist axis. Heart.

The premise for the formation of the Axis Powers was the common requirement of fascist countries for foreign aggression and expansion. In October 1936, Germany and Italy signed the "German-Italian Protocol" in Berlin; in November 1936, Germany and Japan signed the "German-Japanese Anti-Comintern Protocol" in Berlin; Italy joined, forming the Berlin-Rome-Tokyo axis.

2. "Munich Agreement"

1.Appeasement policy

In 1938, Nazi Germany annexed Austria in order to dominate the world.

Munich Conference

(1) Time: 1938

(2) Participants: Chamberlain, Daladier, Hitler, Mussolini

(3) Content: cede the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia to Germany.

After the Munich Conference and its agreements, Czechoslovakia's interests were betrayed by Britain and France. The betrayal of Czechoslovakia was actually the result of a "conspiracy" planned by Britain and France for selfish purposes. It is a concentrated expression of the appeasement policy and marks the peak of the appeasement policy. Since then, any act of betraying another country for selfish purposes has been called the "Munich Conspiracy."

The meaning of appeasement policy

In the 1930s, Britain, France, the United States and other countries tried their best to protect their vested interests and were very afraid of war. In the face of fascist aggression, they made concessions at every turn, attempting to sacrifice the interests of small and weak countries, satisfy the fascist countries' desire for aggression, seek temporary peace for themselves, and try their best to direct the disaster of fascism to the Soviet Union. This approach of appeasing and supporting traitors is collectively known as "appeasement policy."

What are the negative impacts of the signing of the Munich Agreement?

1. It exposed the weakness of Britain and France and encouraged Hitler's aggressive arrogance.

2. After Hitler occupied the Czech Republic, he strengthened his military and economic power and was in a more favorable strategic position, accelerating the full outbreak of World War II.

3. The outbreak of war

1.Germany invades Poland

On September 1, 1939, the Nazi German army suddenly invaded Poland. On September 3, Britain and France declared war on Germany, and World War II broke out.

"Blitzkrieg"

Germany used lightning tactics to attack Poland, used mechanized troops, concentrated its superior forces, carried out pincer assaults in five high-speed lines, quickly divided and surrounded the Polish army, and captured Warsaw in less than a month. The Germans achieved military success so quickly that their tactics became known as "Blitzkrieg."

Observe the pictures and think: Why did Hitler go to Warsaw to pick up troops? What historical information can you glean from the illustrations?

First, the German army is well-equipped, armed with mechanized troops, organized in an orderly manner, and obeys commands.

Second, the German army used lightning tactics to win the battle quickly and achieve victory.

Third, Poland’s demise was the result of British and French appeasement policies;

Fourth, Hitler's desire for aggression is far from being satisfied, and the war will further deepen and expand.

Taking into account the various factors that led to the outbreak of World War II, ask students to talk about the reasons for the outbreak of World War II.

1. The outbreak of World War II was the result of the contradictory development of the Versailles-Washington system. The punitive provisions of the "Versailles Peace Treaty" against Germany caused the spread of German nationalism and revanchism after the war, becoming the soil for the rise of fascist forces; Italy and Japan were dissatisfied with their vested interests and looked for opportunities to re-divide the world; conflicts between the United States and Japan continued development; at the same time, there are also contradictions between two different systems.

2. The Great Economic Crisis of 1929-1933 played a catalyst role in World War II. The economic crisis caused a political crisis, and Germany and Japan established fascist dictatorships, forming two sources of war in Europe and Asia.

3. Politics among imperialist countries. Economic development is uneven. The pursuit of profits by monopoly capital has led to competition among capitalist countries. As the balance of power among countries changes, the struggle for world hegemony becomes increasingly fierce.

4. The Second World War gradually evolved from local wars. The struggle for world hegemony is becoming increasingly fierce.

5. The appeasement policy promoted by Britain, France and other countries before World War II encouraged fascist aggression and expansion and accelerated the outbreak of World War II.

6. Insufficient understanding of the brutality of fascist expansion and aggression led to the failure of the world's anti-fascist forces to unite in time to stop the war.

2. Dunkirk evacuation

The German army mobilized 36 divisions to launch an offensive on the Western Front and quickly defeated the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. At the same time, the main force of the British and French coalition forces was surrounded. The British and French troops bravely broke through and evacuated 340,000 people to the United Kingdom through the port of Dunkirk to preserve their effective strength.

At the beginning of World War II, British and French troops retreated from France to Britain. In May 1940, Germany occupied the Netherlands and Belgium, invaded France, and defeated the British and French armies. The British Expeditionary Force and some French, Belgian and Dutch troops retreated to the Dunkirk area in northern France, facing the risk of being annihilated. From May 26 to June 4, they gradually retreated to the UK, with more than 860 ships carrying more than 330,000 people arriving in the UK through the Strait of Dover.

The reasons for Britain's victory in the Battle of Britain.

1. The British military and civilians share the same hatred and fight bravely to defend the country.

2. The British Air Force fights on its own soil, is familiar with the environment, and is ready to work, which facilitates supply.

3. When a British plane was shot down, the pilot could be rescued by parachuting.

4. The British have invented radar detection to facilitate detecting the whereabouts of enemy aircraft.

The significance of victory in the Battle of Moscow.

1. The victory in the Moscow Defense War was the result of the Soviet people’s unity and tenacious resistance.

2. In the face of fascism’s expansion and aggression, only resolute resistance and severe blows can effectively curb its expansion momentum and aggressive arrogance.

3. The victory declared the failure of Germany's lightning tactics, and fascist Germany's aggressive momentum was defeated.

4. The fighting situation on the east and west fronts put Germany at a disadvantage.

Reasons for the signing of the Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact:

When Hitler stepped up his aggression in Europe, in view of the strength of the Soviet Union, he did not dare to take the risk of fighting on the east and west fronts. He wanted to seek compromise with the Soviet Union and proposed signing a Soviet-German friendship treaty. For the sake of its own national security, the Soviet Union readjusted its foreign policy, began to ease relations with Germany, and signed the "Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact" with Germany. In this way, Germany won the neutrality of the Soviet Union before launching a war, avoiding the worries of a two-front war and gaining time to prepare for the war. However, it also objectively pushed Hitler to launch a larger-scale aggressive war.

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Update Time: 2024-11-22

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