"European Enlightenment Thought" Modern Science and Ideology and Culture PPT Courseware

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"European Enlightenment Thought" Modern Science and Ideology and Culture PPT Courseware

1. Enlightenment Movement

1. Time and place of origin: 18th century European continent

2. Nature: The second bourgeois ideological liberation movement

3. Content: Criticism of the feudal autocracy and the Catholic Church

4. Function: It opened up people’s wisdom and made ideological and theoretical preparations for the bourgeois revolution in Europe and America.

2. The center and representative figures of the Enlightenment

1. Center: France

2. Representative figures: Voltaire, Montesquieu and Rousseau.

Voltaire (1694-1778) was the recognized leader and mentor of the French Enlightenment in the 18th century. His major works include "Philosophical Correspondence", which is known as "the first bomb dropped on the old system".

Learn: What did Voltaire stand for?

1. Criticize the feudal autocratic system;

2. Advocate the doctrine of natural rights and advocate enlightened autocracy.

His ideological ideas had a huge impact on Europe, especially France, in the 18th century. Later generations called "the 18th century the century of Voltaire."

Montesquieu (1689-1755) was born into a French aristocratic family. He wrote "Letters from the Persians" and "The Reasons for the Rise and Fall of Rome". His representative work is "The Spirit of the Laws".

What theory did Montesquieu propose?

Proposed the doctrine of "separation of powers"

Three powers: legislative power, judicial power, and executive power.

The purpose of decentralization is to better ensure that people enjoy full freedom and prevent the emergence of dictatorship and despotism.

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What role (influence) did these claims of Enlightenment thinkers play?

It promoted people's ideological emancipation, made ideological and theoretical preparations for the bourgeois revolution in Europe and the United States, promoted social progress in Europe, and promoted the ideological emancipation of China, Japan and other Asian countries.

The emergence and development of capitalism in Europe and the United States led to drastic social changes and also provided a broad stage for the development of literature and art. During this period, many outstanding figures also emerged in literature and art.

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"European Enlightenment Thought" Modern Science and Ideology and Culture PPT Courseware 2:

"European Enlightenment Thought" Modern Science and Ideology and Culture PPT Courseware 2 Learning Objectives 1. What is the Enlightenment Movement? What does it do? 2. Discussion: Who were the Enlightenment thinkers in the 18th century? What are their claims? What's the impact? 3. Discussion: From the beginning of European history...

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Update Time: 2024-10-03

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