"Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" PPT

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"Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" PPT

Part 1: Introduction to the author

Sima Qian

About 145 BC - about 90 BC, Zichang, a famous historian and writer in the Western Han Dynasty.

"Historical Records" is my country's first biographical general history. It records nearly three thousand years of history from the legendary Yellow Emperor to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Lu Xun: The swan song of the historian, the rhymeless Li Sao.

"Historical Records"

The 12th Annals mainly record the deeds of emperors.

30 Aristocratic families mainly describe princes and heroes.

The 70 biographies mainly narrate celebrities from past dynasties, as well as historical facts from ethnic minorities and neighboring countries.

The 10 tables list the major events of each period chronologically.

8 books record the evolution of various regulations and systems.

Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru PPT, the second part: background of the times

The incident narrated in the text took place at the end of the middle period of the Warring States Period (283 BC - 279 BC). At that time, the seven kingdoms were in dispute. Qin was the strongest through reforms. It adopted a strategy of defeating them one by one and actively expanded outwards. The Chu State to the south and the Zhao State to the northeast were stronger than the other four countries. When Lin Xiangru returned the intact jade to Zhao and met in Mianchi, the main force of the Qin State was dealing with the Chu State and could not spare the strength to attack the Zhao State. This was an objective and favorable factor for Lin Xiangru's victory in the diplomatic struggle. Of course his subjective efforts are also important.

Chronology of Zhao's Major Events

Chronicle of King Zhao Huiwen

event

In the 16th year (before 283), Lian Po attacked Qi and captured Yang Jin.

In the 17th year (before 282), Lin Xiangru returned to Zhao intact.

In the 18th year (before 281), Qin attacked Zhao and destroyed Shicheng.

In the 19th year (before 280), Qin attacked Zhao again and killed 20,000 people.

In the 20th year (before 279), the meeting of Mianchi was held. Plan for reconciliation this year or later.

Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru PPT, the third part: summary of the story

The perfect jade returns to Zhao

beginning:

Force Qin to ask for the bi → King Zhao asked for an envoy → Miao Xian raised the treasure → sent the bi as an envoy

go through:

Offer the jade and take the jade → Return the jade to Zhao → The court reprimands the King of Qin

result:

Return after the ceremony → pay homage to the doctor

Mianchi Meeting

Beginning: Pre-meeting planning

Want to meet with Mianchi→Lianlin's discussion

After: Struggle at the meeting

The king of Zhao played the harp → forced Qin to strike the fou → prayed for longevity in Xianyang

result:

Qin could not defeat Zhao→Qin did not dare to move

The generals will be in harmony (please bear the thorns to apologize)

beginning:

Xiangru is in a high position and Lian Po relies on merit.

go through:

Xiangrubuzi: Claiming illness to the court → leading the car to avoid

Powerful talk about sacrificing people: The ratio of Qin and Lian → national emergency and private enmity

result:

Asking for forgiveness under a thorn bush→cutting one's neck to death

Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru PPT, Part 4: Methods of character creation (Lin Xiangru)

1. Before seeing the person, hear his voice first. Profile description.

The eunuch ordered Miao Xian's words to create suspense and give him a head start.

Lin Xiangru's courage and resourcefulness can be seen from his recommendation.

2. Detailed description, both physical and spiritual (positive description of language, actions, and demeanor)

After the finished jade returned to Zhao Zhong, he wrote: "Xiangru stood upright while holding the jade, leaning on the pillar, and became angry and crowned." "Angrily crowned" uses exaggeration to describe Lin Xiangru's anger very vividly. "Xiangru is holding his jade pillar, and wants to hit it." The word "睨" outlines the resolute attitude of living and dying with the jade, and also has an intimidating momentum of not paying attention to the power of the King of Qin. (Dare to fight - brave)

Lin Xiangru's impassioned speeches to the Qin court after the perfect jade returned to Zhao Zhong were sometimes calm and courteous in tone, making the other party relax their vigilance; sometimes they were blunt, well-founded and eloquent; sometimes they were firm in their stance, analyzing the pros and cons, and hinting at the other party; sometimes they were furious and aggressive. . In short, the words are sharp, both hard and soft, and the weight is appropriate. (Able to speak eloquently - wisdom)

In the meeting at Mianchi, it was written that Lin Xiangru "advanced to the fou because he knelt down to invite the King of Qin." Here, the word "front" and the word "kneeling" both accurately express Lin Xiangru's wit and bravery.

Another example is "The left and right sides want to fight each other with swords, and Xiangru opens his eyes to scold him. Both the left and right are invincible." These two strokes alone depict Lin Xiangru's upright and strong character, who is not afraid of powerful enemies.

In his plea for apology, he wrote that Lin Xiangru "led the car to hide", which showed Lin Xiangru's forbearance and concession. Lin Xiangru's lofty spirit of being upright and taking the overall situation into consideration was expressed by "putting national urgent matters first and then personal enmity".

3. Contrast and Reflection

Compare the status of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru;

The "undecided plan" of the king and ministers of Zhao is used to illustrate Lin Xiangru's extraordinary resourcefulness;

The perfect jade returns to Zhao Zhong, which contrasts the greed and frivolity of King Qin with Lin Xiangru's wit and calmness;

In the meeting at Mianchi, King Qin's fierce appearance and softness were used to contrast Lin Xiangru's wisdom and bravery;

At the meeting in Mianchi, the King of Qin's words "both left and right were invincible" were used to illustrate Lin Xiangru's courage and bravery;

Compare Lian Po's pride in taking credit with Lin Xiangru's consideration of the overall situation;

Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru PPT, the fifth part: Lian Po’s character traits

① The character introduction at the beginning of the article shows Lian Po's bravery and good fighting skills. As the general of Zhao State, Lian Po had great military exploits and was famous among the vassal states for his bravery.

② Before the "Mianchi Meeting", Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, in order to protect the honor of Zhao State, urged the King of Zhao to go to the Mianchi Meeting to avoid being laughed at by other countries for Zhao's cowardice. This fully shows that he attaches great importance to the country and has the demeanor of a general; when bidding farewell to King Zhao, he discussed contingency measures with King Zhao. If King Zhao did not return for thirty days, he would support the prince as king to cut off the The thoughts of King Qin showed Lian Po's loyalty to the country and foresight; in addition, he deployed heavy troops to guard against the invasion of Qin soldiers, which also showed his thoughtfulness and carefulness; Qin soldiers did not dare to take action in the end, which shows that he was The enemy's deterrence is very great, and it also shows his extraordinary bravery from the side.

③After the "Mianchi Meeting", Lian Po felt unwilling that Lin Xiangru was superior to him and declared that he would humiliate Xiangru. This showed his shortcomings of being reckless, arrogant, narrow-minded, and caring about the battle for fame and position. But he After hearing Lin Xiangru's words of "putting national concerns first before personal enmity", he was deeply moved and ashamed. He immediately pleaded guilty and showed his character advantages such as frankness, loyalty and patriotism, and the courage to correct his mistakes. 

Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru PPT, Part Six: Characteristics of the Story

1. Each of the three stories has a beginning and an end. They are independent but closely linked and related to each other.

The story revolves around the dual conflicts between Qin Zhao and Lin Lian throughout the whole text. The former is the main one and the latter is secondary. The former determines the latter. It advances layer by layer and is fascinating.

2. The narrative has ups and downs, twists and turns

If the narrative is to have waves, it cannot be told in a straightforward manner, and the material must be organized around contradictions and conflicts.

3. Proper selection of materials

Only when characters are placed in conflict can writing be full of vitality, while biographies use the most glorious events in a character's life to express the character's spiritual quality.

This article uses three typical events to entangle the dual conflicts and interests of individuals and the country, highlighting Lian Lin's lofty qualities and character traits, and describing them in detail, making the characters in these three events It is lifelike and expresses the author's main idea appropriately and fully.

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"Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" PPT teaching courseware:

"Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" PPT teaching courseware Part One: Background knowledge 1. Introduction to Sima Qian and "Historical Records" Sima Qian (about 145 BC to about 90 BC) was a famous historian, writer and thinker in the Western Han Dynasty. The main work is "Historical Records". "Historical Records" is my...

"Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" PPT download:

"Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" PPT download Part One: Writer's Works Sima Qian, courtesy name Zichang. An important thinker, historian and writer in the Western Han Dynasty. In the third year of Yuanfeng's reign, he was appointed Taishi Ling. Later, he was imprisoned and tortured because he defended Li Ling. After being released from prison, he served as Zhongshu...

"Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" PPT courseware:

"The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" PPT courseware Part One: Learning Objectives 1. Master the key classical Chinese words, grammatical phenomena and special sentence patterns that appear in the text. 2. Understand the characteristics of historical and biographical works in terms of material selection, layout and revealing characters. 3. Get to know Prime Minister Lian Po..

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Update Time: 2024-10-03

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