"British Industrial Revolution" The First Industrial Revolution and the International Workers' Movement PPT Courseware 2

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"British Industrial Revolution" The First Industrial Revolution and the International Workers' Movement PPT Courseware 2

Remember:

What does the Industrial Revolution mean?

The Industrial Revolution was a major change that took place in some major European and American capitalist countries from the mid-18th century to the 19th century in which machine production replaced manual labor.

1. The gestation of the industrial revolution

The Industrial Revolution started in England because:

The victory of the British bourgeois revolution

Expansion space for productivity development

Active domestic and foreign commercial trade

Increased demand for goods

colonial plunder

Accumulate large amounts of capital

Changes in agricultural management methods

Rural social changes

Be fully prepared for the launch of the industrial revolution

2. The process of the British Industrial Revolution

1. The Industrial Revolution first emerged in the British cotton textile industry in the second half of the 18th century.

Why did the Industrial Revolution first originate in the British cotton textile industry?

The cotton textile industry is relatively concentrated and not as scattered as the wool textile industry. At the same time, as an emerging production sector, it is less bound by tradition, so it is easier to adopt mechanized large-scale production. The British gradually occupied India, and India was rich in cotton. In this way, the British cotton textile industry With sufficient sources of raw materials; cotton textiles are relatively cheap and have a broad sales market. The cotton textile industry has low investment, high profits, and fast capital turnover.

2. Power machines

Watt linkage steam engine

Inventor: Watt

The earliest people to use steam engines for power were spinning mills; the invention and use of steam engines brought mankind into the "steam age".

3. Revolution in the history of transportation-the invention of trains and steamships

Marx's evaluation of the industrial revolution

"It is a social revolution that is broader and more profound than any kind of revolution. It echoes the ideological revolution and the political revolution and causes a comprehensive reform of civil society."

Impact of the Industrial Revolution

(1) Positive impact: ① It has epoch-making significance and has had an unprecedented profound and huge impact on the evolution of human society. ② It laid a solid material foundation for the emerging capitalist system and enabled European and American countries to achieve industrialization. ③ Provided a historical opportunity for Britain and established its status as the world's factory. ④ It has brought progress and happiness to mankind. (It has greatly improved social productivity and enriched material life; changed people's daily lives and values, and urbanization has begun to rise; it has tightened connections between all parts of the world, and objectively spread advanced capitalist production technologies and production methods Traveled around the world and changed the face of the world.)

(2) Negative impact: The industrial revolution also caused mankind to face new contradictions and challenges. ①The Industrial Revolution caused changes in the social structure and gave rise to two emerging and opposing classes - the industrial bourgeoisie and the industrial proletariat. The proletariat is suffering from increasingly severe exploitation and oppression, and the contradiction between the two major classes is becoming increasingly acute. ② European and American powers stepped up their colonial expansion in Asia and Africa, causing local poverty and backwardness and making the East subordinate to the West. ③The natural environment began to suffer serious damage and pollution.

The impact of the Industrial Revolution on China:

1. In order to expand overseas markets and sources of raw materials, the capitalist countries led by Britain launched the Opium War, which turned China into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

2. China’s self-sufficient natural economy gradually disintegrated; Chinese national capitalism emerged and developed.

3. Inspire the Chinese people to explore new knowledge and learn from the West, and put forward the idea of ​​"learning from the foreigners and developing skills to control the foreigners".

1. Answer the following questions.

⑴The Industrial Revolution is the process of replacing manual labor with _______. It first occurred in the _______ industry in the UK and later expanded to other industrial sectors.

⑵ The “father of modern factories” is _______.

⑶The most significant technological invention in the first industrial revolution was _______.

⑷British engineer _______ invented the "_______ method" and pushed British _______ production to the forefront of the world.

⑸_______ country built the world's first railway, connecting _______ and _______, ushering in a new era of human _______.

3. Answer the following multiple-choice questions.

1) Before the improved steam engine made by Watt was used to drive textile machines, if the British wanted to open a cotton spinning mill, the best location for the factory would be ( ):

A. Place near the railway B. Place near the coal mine

C. Place near the oil field D. Place near the river

2) Think about it, which of the following machines and means of transportation appeared in the 18th and 19th centuries? ( )

①Train ②Steamboat ③Water-powered spinning machine ④Mule machine ⑤Plane ⑥Jenny machine ⑦Space shuttle ⑧Hydrofoil

A. ①②⑥⑦⑧ B. ③④⑤⑥⑦

C. ①②③④⑥ D. ②④⑤⑦⑧

3) In the mid-19th century, through which of the following methods could an American reach Europe? ( )

A. Take a plane B. Take a steamboat C. Drive a car D. Take a carriage

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"British Industrial Revolution" The First Industrial Revolution and the International Workers' Movement PPT Courseware 3:

"British Industrial Revolution" The First Industrial Revolution and the International Workers' Movement PPT Courseware 3 Think about answering questions: 1. What was the outcome of the Opium War? What truth does it make us understand? 2. Please briefly analyze the reasons for this result. (1) China’s feudal system..

"British Industrial Revolution" The First Industrial Revolution and the International Workers' Movement PPT courseware:

"British Industrial Revolution" PPT courseware for the first industrial revolution and the international workers' movement [Learning Objectives] 1. Tell the story of the invention of the Jenny machine and understand that the British Industrial Revolution began with the invention of a series of working machines. 2. Know the historical facts of Watt’s improvement of the steam engine, and understand steam...

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Update Time: 2024-11-20

This template belongs to History courseware East China Normal University Edition Ninth Grade History Volume 1 industry PPT template

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