"The French Revolution" Social changes in major European and American countries PPT courseware 6

Description

"The French Revolution" Social changes in major European and American countries PPT courseware 6

【Content standards】

1. Briefly describe the basic contents of the "Declaration of Human Rights" and have a preliminary understanding of the historical impact of the French Revolution.

2. Describe the main activities of Napoleon and evaluate the historical role of bourgeois politicians.

【teaching objectives】

1. Knowledge and ability: Briefly describe the basic contents of the "Declaration of Human Rights" and have a preliminary understanding of the historical impact of the French Revolution.

2. Process and method: Inductive problem teaching method. Guide students to read the teaching materials and summarize based on the questions.

3. Emotional attitudes and values: Replacing feudal autocracy and hierarchy with freedom and equality is historical progress.

[Teaching Points]

Teaching focus: the content and influence of the "Declaration of Human Rights"; the establishment of the First French Empire and Napoleon's domestic and foreign policies; the historical significance of the Revolution.

Teaching difficulty: Analyze the nature of Napoleon’s foreign wars. Correct evaluation of Napoleon.

Self-study thinking questions (textbook pages 98-102)

1. What were the reasons for the outbreak of the French bourgeois revolution? What is the root cause?

2. What marked the beginning of the French Revolution?

3. The big bourgeoisie promulgated the "Declaration of Human Rights". What was the institution, time, content and significance of the promulgation?

4. The beginning and end of the establishment of the First French Republic.

5. The time of execution of Louis XVI.

6. The time frame of the Jacobin dictatorship.

7. What marks the end of the revolutionary climax? (The time of the overthrow of the Jacobin dictatorship).

1. Reasons for the outbreak of the French bourgeois revolution:

(1) Fundamental reasons: At the end of the 18th century, the feudal autocratic rule of the Bourbon dynasty in France severely restricted the development of capitalism.

(2) The division of the three classes has led to the intensification of class conflicts.

(3) The rule of the Bourbon dynasty was corrupt and there was a financial crisis. In order to solve the financial crisis, the Estates-General was convened, which became the trigger for the French Revolution.

2. The course of the revolution

1. The beginning of the revolution

——Storming the Bastille (1789.7.14)

2. Promulgate documents

——"Declaration of the Rights of Man" (1789.8.26)

3. Establish a republic

——The First French Republic (1792.9.22-1804.5)

4. Execute the king

——Louis XVI (1793.1.21)

Take a look and say:

1. When is France’s Bastille Day?

2. Why did the first armed uprising of the Paris people target the storming of the Bastille?

The Bastille was built on the order of French King Charles V in the style of a famous military castle in the 12th century. The purpose at that time was to defend against the British attack, so it was built in front of the city. Later, due to the continuous expansion of the Paris urban area, the Bastille Fortress became a building in the eastern part of the urban area and lost its role in defending against foreign enemies. By the end of the 18th century, it had become the commanding heights controlling Paris and a prison for political prisoners (only seven prisoners were held in total at the time).

The Bastille is 100 feet high, with thick walls and eight towers. There are 15 cannons mounted on it, and hundreds of barrels of gunpowder and countless cannonballs are stacked next to the cannons. It is condescending, overlooking the entire Paris, like a giant beast lying on the ground. Most of the famous figures who dared to oppose the feudal system were imprisoned here. The Bastille became a symbol of the French absolutist dynasty.

Declaration of the Rights of Man (1789)

main content:

A. Human beings are born free and equal in power;

B. Freedom, property, security, and resistance to oppression are natural and inalienable human rights;

C. National sovereignty belongs to the people;

D. Everyone is equal before the law;

E. Private property is sacred and inviolable;

F. Its core content is human rights and the rule of law.

Significance: The "Declaration of the Rights of Man" is a programmatic historical document of the French Revolution. It clearly proposes human rights and civil rights, and clarifies the basic principles of bourgeois democracy and the rule of law. It is called the "birth certificate of the new society."

3. The First French Empire (Napoleonic Empire) (1804.~1815.) {Bourgeois Empire}

(1) "Brumaire Coup" In November 1799, Napoleon launched a coup with the support of the big bourgeoisie and the army and established a military dictatorship.

(2) In May 1804, Napoleon established a bourgeois monarchy - the Napoleonic Empire, the First French Empire. 1804.12.2 Bonaparte Napoleon was crowned Napoleon I.

(3) Napoleon’s internal rule:

① Many measures were taken to develop capitalism; in 1804, the "Code" (the world's first capitalist civil code) was promulgated, which affirmed the results of the French Revolution in legal form and established the legislative norms of capitalist society.

② Significance: This code is the product of the victory of the French Revolution and the French Enlightenment thought. Although the Napoleonic Code has been revised several times, it has been used in France to this day and has become a blueprint for countries around the world to refer to when compiling new codes.

Summary: The Napoleonic Wars had a dual nature. There was an obvious side of opposing foreign armed intervention and defending the basic achievements of the Great Revolution, and there was also a side of strong aggression, expansion and hegemony. This was also an important reason for the fall of the empire.

Progressiveness: The Napoleonic Wars were initially progressive in terms of defending the fruits of the French Revolution and opposing feudal restoration. For example, the war with the Anti-French Alliance defended the achievements of the French Revolution, further destroyed the old feudal system, consolidated the capitalist order, spread the ideas of the French Revolution, and objectively promoted the disintegration of the European feudal system and the liberation of farmers.

Limitations: The Napoleonic Wars also had an aspect of aggression and expansion, and its nature of aggression and expansion became more and more obvious in the later stages of the war. After the anti-French alliance's attack was repulsed, Napoleon continued to launch wars, violating the independence of many European countries and plundering the property of the people of various countries. This became aggressive. The enslavement and plunder of the people in the occupied areas aroused resistance from the local people, which was also an important reason for the collapse of the empire.

extracurricular development

Studying the history of the French Revolution, we get to know the legendary life of Napoleon. But people's evaluation of Napoleon has always been divided. Some people once said that "one sneeze would cause the whole of Europe to catch a cold." Some people hated him and called him a "man-eating devil." French writer Chateaubriand said: "He (Napoleon) did not create France, but France created him." Therefore, a historian once lamented: "There is always a '?' behind Napoleon's name." Please combine the relevant content and write a short paper with the title "Napoleon in My Mind". (About 200 words)

Correct evaluation of Napoleon

Napoleon was an outstanding French bourgeois politician and military strategist. He established the Napoleonic Empire and implemented military dictatorship; he adopted a series of measures conducive to the development of capitalism, established effective administrative institutions, and formulated the Napoleonic Code. These measures were conducive to the stability of French politics and the development of capitalism, further destroyed France's feudal system, consolidated the order of capitalist society, and had a profound impact on France and the world. After seizing power, he fought many foreign wars with the anti-French alliance. Through the early foreign wars, he dealt a heavy blow to the European feudal forces and defended the fruits of the Great Revolution; the later foreign wars violated the independence, plunder and enslavement of many countries. When the people of various European countries were invaded, they became aggressive and aroused resistance from people everywhere, which ultimately led to the collapse of Napoleon's empire. Despite this, Napoleon still promoted the development of world history and created a "Napoleonic Era".

Compare the similarities and differences between the Bill of Rights, the Declaration of Independence, and the Declaration of Human Rights:

1. Similarities:

① It is a programmatic document promulgated by the bourgeoisie of the three countries of Britain, the United States and France during the revolution. It expresses the strong demand of the bourgeoisie to take control of political power. It emphasizes the protection of people's freedom, democracy and equal rights and opposes feudal autocratic politics;

② All have had a significant and far-reaching impact on the development of democratic politics in this country and the Western world. All reflect the political interests and demands of the bourgeoisie, and all have progressive significance.

③Freedom and equality cannot be truly realized under bourgeois rule, and the broad masses of the people cannot fully enjoy true democracy, equality and freedom rights.

2. Differences:

The differences also include the following points:

1. The Bill of Rights is a legal document formulated during the British bourgeois revolution to limit the royal power. It has a constitutional nature, which the Declaration of Independence and the Declaration of Human Rights do not.

2. The "Declaration of Human Rights" is a programmatic document of the bourgeoisie's anti-feudal struggle and has certain progressiveness and limitations.

3. The bourgeois will to rule contained in the "Declaration of Human Rights" and the "Bill of Rights" is one-sided. The "Declaration of Independence" is a more reasonable program proposed by the United States.

practise

1. 1789.8 The Constituent Assembly passed the "______".

2. ______ intervened in the French Revolution. In August 1792, the people of Paris staged the ______ uprising and arrested the king and queen. In September, ______ was abolished. The French ______ Republic was established. In 1793, King ______ was executed on January 1.

3. In June 1793, the people of Paris staged the ______ uprising for the first time and began the ______ dictatorship, which was overthrown a year later.

4. In 1799, ______ launched a coup to seize power; in 1804, the empire was established, the French ______ Empire; the "______ Code" was promulgated; the empire fell in ______.

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