"The French Revolution" Great Social Changes in Major European and American Countries PPT Courseware 5

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"The French Revolution" Great Social Changes in Major European and American Countries PPT Courseware 5

1. Fundamental causes of revolution:

Can you deduce the causes of the French Bourgeois Revolution based on the causes of the British Bourgeois Revolution and the American War of Independence?

Reason: Feudal autocratic rule hindered the development of French capitalism

Speeches of the Bourbon King

Louis XIV said: "I am the State."

Louis XV said: I only receive the crown from God.

Louis XVI claimed that all sovereignty belongs only to the king.

2. Revolutionary process: (divided according to the factions of the bourgeoisie in power)

The first stage: the period of Feuillant rule

Time: 1789-1792

The second stage: the period of Girondin rule

Time: 1792-1793

The third stage: Jacobin rule

Time: 1793-1794

What does the Declaration of Human Rights promote? Against what?

Excerpts from the Declaration of Human Rights:

Article 1 Men are and always will be born free and equal. Article 2 The purpose of any political union is to preserve the natural and unshakable rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. Article 3 The entire sovereignty originates from the nationals. Article 4 Freedom refers to the right to engage in all behaviors that are harmless to others. These rights may be prescribed by law.

Article 6 Law is the expression of public will. Citizens throughout the country have the right to participate in the formulation of laws, either personally or through their representatives

Article 17 Property is a sacred and inviolable right, and no one may be deprived of his property except when it is manifestly necessary for a legitimately recognized public need and on condition of just and prior compensation.

Progressive nature: Opposed feudal autocracy and hierarchy, and promoted bourgeois democratic and legal ideas.

Promote: freedom and equality, natural human rights, sovereignty lies with the people, law is the public will, private property is sacred and inviolable

Limitations: Inequality of property replaces inequality of family status.

The Nature of the Declaration of Human Rights: The Anti-feudal Revolutionary Program of the Bourgeoisie

Looking at the ideological propositions of the Bill of Rights, Declaration of Independence, and Declaration of Human Rights, what were the trends in social development at that time?

Social trends: establishing a bourgeois democratic system and developing a capitalist economy.

3. The historical impact of the French Revolution

(1) Destroyed the feudal autocracy in France and promoted the development of capitalism

(2) Spread the ideas of “democracy” and “republic” widely

(3) (Limitations) But its democratic rights are only enjoyed by a few people

Compare the British Bill of Rights with the American Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of Human Rights

Similarities: The three documents are all important historical documents. They all reflect the bourgeoisie's desire to control political power and the bourgeoisie's democratic consciousness. They all advocate freedom, democracy, and equality.

Differences: 1. The British Bill of Powers has constitutional significance and establishes a constitutional monarchy centered on Parliament. The Declaration of Independence of the United States is a program of bourgeois revolution and a program of national liberation, declaring independence from Britain. 2. Among the provisions on human rights, the Bill of Rights emphasizes the right to freedom; the Declaration of Human Rights emphasizes the right to resist oppression; and the Declaration of Independence declares that people have the right to pursue happiness.

1. The common reason for the occurrence of the bourgeois revolutions in Britain, the United States and France is

A. Obstacles of the feudal autocratic system

B. Colonial rule aroused people’s resistance

C. The result of the conflict between the doctrine of divine right of kings and parliament

D. Further development of capitalist economy

2. The beginning of the French Revolution was marked by:

A. The convening of the three-level meeting

B. Execution of King Louis XVI

C. Thermidor coup

D. Capture the Bastille

3. The climax of the French Revolution is marked by

A. Capture the Bastille

B. Promulgation of the Declaration of Human Rights

C. Establishment of the First French Republic

D. Robespierre takes power

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Update Time: 2024-11-22

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