"Evidence that organisms have common ancestors" "Natural selection and the formation of adaptation" PPT download of the evolution of organisms

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"Evidence that organisms have common ancestors" "Natural selection and the formation of adaptation" PPT download of the evolution of organisms

The first part: [Task Driven]

1. Based on evidence and logic from fossils, comparative anatomy, embryology, cell biology, and molecular biology, you can agree that living things are constantly evolving and that all living things today come from common ancestors.

2. It is recognized that human beings, like other species, are also products of evolution and have close or distant kinship with other species, rather than being born with a transcendent status over other species.

3． Be able to use Lamarckian and Darwinian theories to explain the formation of adaptation and the evolution of organisms, and analyze problems in real life such as the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria.

Evolution of Biology PPT, Part 2: Preview Area · Independent Reading Textbook

1. Evidence displayed in the strata—fossils

1. Darwin's theory of biological evolution

(1)_____________ theory: Points out that all living things on earth evolved from_____________.

(2) The theory of natural selection: explains the formation of _________ and the reasons for speciation.

2. fossil

(1) Concept: Fossils refer to _________, _________ or _________ of ancient organisms preserved in the strata through _________.

(2) Fossils can be used to determine the _________ of creatures that once lived on the earth and their morphological, structural, _________ and other characteristics.

(3) Fossils are the most important evidence for studying biological evolution.

(4) A large amount of fossil evidence confirms that living things gradually evolved from __________________ through a long geological era, and also reveals that living things evolved from _________ to _________, from low to high, and from aquatic to terrestrial. evolutionary sequence.

2. The imprint of evolution on today’s organisms—evidence from other aspects

1. Comparative anatomical evidence: Studying and comparing the morphology and structure of _________ and _________ of vertebrates can provide evidence for whether these organisms have a common ancestor.

2. Embryology Evidence: Embryology is the study of the _________ and _________ of animal and plant embryos.

3． Evidence at the cellular and _________ levels.

3. The formation of natural selection and adaptation

1. Two aspects of adaptation

(1) The _________ of living things is suitable for completing certain functions.

(2) The morphological structure and function of an organism are suitable for the organism to _________ and _________ in a certain environment.

2. Adaptation is the result of natural selection

(1) The view of species immutability: all living things have been like this since ancient times.

(2) Lamarck’s point of view

①All living things today evolved from _________ creatures.

②The adaptive characteristics of various organisms are gradually formed in the _________ process.

③The formation of adaptation is due to _________ and _________.

Evolution of Biological PPT, Part 3: Exploration Area · Interactive Problem Solving

Topic: Evidence that living things have a common ancestor

[Question driven] 1. The biological structures that appear in strata formed earlier are simpler and lower, and vice versa. What does this mean?

Tip: Modern organisms evolved gradually over a long period of geological time.

2. The figure below provides data and related knowledge comparing the DNA base sequences of several animals with humans. Answer the following questions:

(1) Which primate is most closely related to humans?

Hint: chimpanzees.

(2) Why can humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas produce enzymes and hormones with the same or similar amino acid sequences?

Tip: DNA base sequences are highly similar and have the same or similar genes.

Summarize and refine

1. Fossil evidence is direct evidence for studying biological evolution.

2. There are no biological fossils in the oldest strata, indicating that there was no life on the earth at first. Biological fossils with simpler structures appear in older strata; conversely, biological fossils with more complex structures appear in strata that are more recent.

3． Existing organisms are not only similar in structure, but also share common characteristics in metabolism and other aspects, further indicating that existing organisms evolved from common ancestors.

Point breakthrough

1. The fossil record shows that organisms fossilized in strata in older places ()

A. Few types, simple and low-grade structure

B． There are many types, complex and advanced structures

C． Few types, complex and advanced structure

D． There are many types, the structure is simple and low-grade

Analysis: In the older strata, the organisms represented by the excavated fossils have fewer biological species, simpler structures, lower classification status, etc., and more fossils of aquatic organisms; in the strata that are more recent, The more species of organisms represented by the excavated fossils, the more complex the structure, the higher the classification status, etc., the more fossils of terrestrial organisms there are.

Answer: A

2. After learning about the evolution of organisms, a classmate made the following summary. What you don’t agree with is ()

A. Fossils are the most direct evidence for studying biological evolution

B． The sequence differences of cytochrome C in different organisms can reflect the genetic relationship between organisms

C． Organisms evolve through genetic variation and natural selection

D． Archaeopteryx fossil proves that modern reptiles evolved into birds over time

Analysis: In the process of studying the evolution of organisms, fossils are important evidence. A is correct. The closer the biological relationship is, the smaller the difference in cytochrome C. B is correct. Creatures in nature go through a fierce struggle for survival. Those who adapt survive and those who do not adapt are eliminated. This is natural selection. Creatures continue to evolve through heredity, mutation and natural selection. C is correct. Birds evolved from a branch of ancient reptiles. Modern reptiles cannot evolve into birds. D is wrong.

Answer: D

Topic Natural Selection and the Formation of Adaptation

[Problem-driven] 1. Explain the following two phenomena from Lamarck’s point of view on the causes of evolution:

(1) The reason why the anteater's tongue is long and slender is the result of long-term licking of ants.

Tip: Use enter.

(2) Mole rats live underground for a long time, and their eyes will shrink and degenerate if they are not used for a long time.

Tip: Discard.

2. Combined with the picture below, try to think about the following questions using Darwin’s theory of natural selection:

(1) Why do giraffes struggle for survival?

Tips: First, giraffes produce a large number of individuals through over-breeding; second, survival resources are limited.

(2) What causes advantages and disadvantages in the struggle for survival?

Tip: Giraffes have different neck lengths and shorter necks due to genetic variation.

(3) Giraffes with longer necks can eat leaves and survive, while giraffes with shorter necks cannot eat leaves and die. How did Darwin describe the result of this selection?

Tip: The fittest survive, the unfit are eliminated.

Biological Evolution PPT, Part 4: Summary Area · Consolidating Key Points

[Strengthen the concept of life]

1. Fossils provide direct evidence for the study of biological evolution. Comparative anatomy and embryology, as well as studies at the cellular and molecular levels, all provide strong support for the theory of biological evolution.

2. Adaptation is universal and relative, and it is the result of natural selection.

3． Lamarck believed that adaptation was due to use, disuse and acquired inheritance.

4． Darwin believed that heritable favorable variation and directional selection by the environment were necessary for the development of adaptations.

[Improve thinking expression]

1. Please use Lamarck's point of view to explain why giraffes have longer necks and forelimbs.

Tip: Giraffes mainly feed on leaves. If they want to get enough food, they need to stretch their necks every day to eat leaves. Due to the "use it or lose it", the current giraffe is formed.

2. Textbook P109 "Thinking·Discussion 4": What enlightenment does Darwin's theory of evolution have on people's correct understanding of human beings' status in nature?

Tip: Humans share a common origin with other living things. Humans are members of the biological world, not "masters" over other species.

3． What is the difference between Lamarck's and Darwin's theories of evolution regarding the role of the environment?

Tip: Lamarck did not have enough understanding of the role of the environment and believed that biological evolution was caused by use of advance and decay and acquired inheritance, while Darwin believed that the environment played a selective role.

The evolution of living things PPT, the fifth part: Gu Shuangji·Meet the standard in class

1. Scientists found in a stratum that only aquatic animal fossils were found in the lowest layer. In the middle stratum, aquatic animal fossils accounted for the majority, with a small number of terrestrial animal fossils. The higher up, the more terrestrial animal fossils were found. It can be seen from this that The evolutionary trend of organisms in terms of living environment is ()

A. From aquatic to terrestrial B. From simple to complex

C． From terrestrial to aquatic D. From low to high

Analysis: Archaeologists have discovered that the oldest biological fossils are aquatic organisms, and in the strata formed earlier, there are more fossils of aquatic organisms, and in the strata formed later, there are more fossils of terrestrial organisms. This is This fact shows that the evolutionary direction of organisms is from aquatic to terrestrial.

Answer: A

2. In August 2005, the "International Chimpanzee Gene Sequencing and Analysis Consortium" announced that the genetic similarity between chimpanzees and humans reached more than 96%. The above examples can illustrate ()

A. The common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees is the forest ape

B． Humans evolved from chimpanzees over a long period of time

C． Organisms have the characteristics of inheritance and variation

D． Humans and chimpanzees are closely related

3． Which of the following statements is not a view of Lamarck’s theory of evolution ()

A. The types of living things change over time

B． The types of living things have been the same from ancient times to the present

C． Changes in the environment cause organisms to develop new traits and pass these traits on to future generations

D． Whether a certain organ of a living thing is developed or not depends on whether it is used or not

Analysis: Lamarck’s theory of evolution believes that all living things on the earth were not created by God (creationism), nor are they unchanged (species immutability theory), but evolved from older creatures. Gradually evolving from lower to higher levels, the formation of various adaptive characteristics of organisms is due to use, disuse and acquired inheritance.

Answer: B

Keywords: Free download of the PPT courseware for high school biology compulsory course 2 of the People's Education Edition, PPT download of the evidence that organisms have common ancestors, PPT download of the formation of natural selection and adaptation, PPT download of the evolution of organisms, .PPT format;

For more information about the PPT courseware "Evolution of Organisms: Evidence that Organisms Have Common Ancestors, the Formation of Natural Selection and Adaptation", please click on the Evolution of Organisms PPT: Evidence that Organisms Have Common Ancestors, PPT The Formation of Natural Selection and Adaptation PPT tag.

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Update Time: 2024-10-02

This template belongs to biology courseware People's Education Press High School Biology Compulsory Course 2 industry PPT template

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