"Alloy" metal material PPT

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"Alloy" metal material PPT

Part One: Goals and Competencies:

1. Understand the concept of alloy. (Macroscopic identification)

2. Understand the classification, composition and uses of common alloys. (Macroscopic identification)

3. Understand the application of alloys in production and life, and be able to choose metal materials reasonably. (Scientific attitude and social responsibility)

Alloy PPT, Part 2: Independent preview to explore new knowledge

1. Alloy

1. Definition: A substance with _________ formed by the fusion of two or more _________ and _________ (or _________).

Micro-dial: Alloys are generally mixtures and have no fixed melting point. The chemical properties of the component metals in the alloy remain unchanged.

2. Properties: Alloys have many excellent physical, chemical or mechanical properties and are different from the component metals in many aspects.

(1) Hardness: The hardness of alloys generally ________ the component metals.

(2) Melting point: The melting point of the alloy is mostly _________component metals.

Why are alloys harder than their component metals?

[ Tips The relative sliding between them becomes difficult, causing the alloy to become harder.

3. Factors affecting alloy properties

___________, _________, production conditions.

2. Iron alloy

3. Aluminum and aluminum alloys

Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust. Aluminum has active properties. The reason why aluminum and aluminum alloy products are relatively stable is that the surface is covered with a dense ________ film to protect the internal metal.

1. Reaction of aluminum with acids and bases

(1) The chemical equation for metal aluminum dissolving in hydrochloric acid: ____________________________.

(2) The chemical equation of the reaction between aluminum and sodium hydroxide solution: ____________________________, and the ionic equation: ____________________________.

2. Reaction of aluminum oxide with acid and alkali

(1) Amphoteric oxides: oxides that can react with acids to form ________ and react with alkali to form ________, such as Al2O3.

3. Applications of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys

Aluminum alloy is one of the most widely used alloys at present. Duralumin has low density, high strength, and strong corrosion resistance. It is an ideal material for manufacturing aircraft and spacecrafts.

Alloy PPT, the third part: core breakthroughs and difficult problems

Comparison of the reactions of aluminum with hydrochloric acid and NaOH solutions

Application and quantitative relationship of the reaction between aluminum and hydrochloric acid and NaOH solution

2Al＋6H＋===2Al3＋＋3H2↑ (1)

2Al＋2OH－＋2H2O===2AlO－2＋3H2↑ (2)

1. An equal amount of aluminum reacts with sufficient amounts of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution respectively, and the ratio of the amounts of substances consuming HCl and NaOH is 3:1.

2. An equal amount of aluminum reacts with a sufficient amount of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution respectively, and the volume ratio of hydrogen generated is VHCl(H2):VNaOH(H2)=1:1.

3. When a sufficient amount of aluminum reacts with equal amounts of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution, the volume ratio of hydrogen generated is VHCl(H2):VNaOH(H2)=1:3.

4. A certain amount of aluminum reacts with a certain amount of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution respectively. If the volume ratio of hydrogen generated is 1:3

5. Aluminum can react with non-oxidizing acids to produce hydrogen, and it can also react with alkalis to produce hydrogen. The former is a displacement reaction, and the latter is not a displacement reaction.

6． In the reaction of aluminum with hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, the reducing agent is aluminum and the reduction product is hydrogen, so the relationship between aluminum and hydrogen production is the same.

[Typical example] Two beakers A and B contain 100 mL of 4.0 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid and 100 mL of 4.0 mol·L-1 NaOH solution respectively. 5.4 g of aluminum powder is added to both beakers. The volume ratio of gas produced under this condition is ()

A. 1:1　B． 2:3

C． 3:2 D． 3:1

B[The amounts of substances containing HCl and NaOH in beakers A and B are both 0.4 mol. According to the chemical equation: 2Al+6HCl===2AlCl3+3H2↑, 2Al+2NaOH+2H2O===2NaAlO2+3H2↑, it can be seen that 5.4 g (i.e. 0.2 mol) When Al reacts with hydrochloric acid and NaOH solution respectively, there is insufficient hydrochloric acid and excess NaOH. Therefore, Al reacts with hydrochloric acid to generate 0.2 mol of H2, and reacts with NaOH solution to generate 0.3 mol of H2. The volume ratio is 2:3. ]

Alloy PPT, the fourth part: meeting standards in class and improving quality

1. Which of the following statements about alloys is correct ()

A. An alloy is made by fusing two or more metals

B． The five-cent coins used in daily life belong to copper alloy

C． Alloys have better properties than single metals in any case

D． Steel is not an alloy

B[Alloys are formed by the fusion of metals and metals or metals and non-metals. Item A is incorrect; during mechanical processing, the properties of alloys are generally better than those of single metals, but this is not the case in all cases, such as pure aluminum The electrical conductivity is stronger than that of aluminum alloy, so item C is wrong; steel is an iron-carbon alloy, so item D is wrong. ]

2. A sufficient amount of the following substances reacts with the same mass of aluminum to release hydrogen and consume the least amount of solute material: ()

A. Hydrochloric acid B. dilute sulfuric acid

C． Sodium hydroxide solution D. sodium chloride solution

C[Aluminum does not react with sodium chloride solution. From 2Al+6H+===2Al3++3H2↑, 2Al+2OH-+2H2O===2AlO-2+3H2↑, it can be seen that Al~3H+~32H2, Al~OH-~32H2, that is, 1 mol Aluminum consumes 1 mol of sodium hydroxide, 1.5 mol of sulfuric acid, and 3 mol of hydrogen chloride. ]

3. Which of the following statements is correct ()

A. Through physical changes, a dense oxide film is formed on the surface of iron products to prevent rust.

B． Common alloy steels mainly include silicon steel, manganese steel, tungsten steel and stainless steel

C． Oxides can only be used as oxidizing agents, not reducing agents.

D． Ductile iron among pig irons has no mechanical strength, so it cannot replace steel in any situation.

B [ Item A, the formation of a dense oxide film is a chemical change; Item C, some oxides can be used as reducing agents, such as carbon monoxide, and its reducing properties can be used to smelt metals in industry; Item D, Ductile graphite in pig iron Cast iron has high mechanical strength and can replace steel in some situations. ]

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Update Time: 2024-11-22

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