"Classification of Elements and Matter" Elements and the Material World PPT (Lesson 1 Material Classification and Its Application)

Description

"Classification of Elements and Matter" Elements and the Material World PPT (Lesson 1 Material Classification and Its Application)

Part One Content: Discussion and Exchange

1. The relationship between elements and matter

1. With the development of science, people have discovered and synthesized more than 30 million kinds of substances. What does such a huge material system consist of?

2. Discuss the composition of the following substances from the perspective of elements:

Magnesium, copper, hydrogen, oxygen, ozone, diamond, graphite, magnesium oxide, water, sodium chloride, calcium carbonate.

Regarding the relationship between elements and matter, what conclusions can you draw from the above discussion?

Conclusion: (1) Matter is composed of elements; (2) The same element can form one or more simple substances; different elements can form compounds.

3. Which oxides can be formed by carbon and oxygen?

4. Indicate the valence state of carbon in the following substances:

CO CO2 H2CO3 Na2CO3 CaCO3 NaHCO3 Al2(CO3)3

5. Is there NaCO3 or AlCO3?

Conclusion: (3) The same elements can form different substances; elements are combined in different ways according to certain rules to form various compounds.

6. Various substances are composed of various elements, and elements exist in nature in the specific form of composing substances. What forms do you think elements have in nature?

Conclusion: (4) The existence form of elements:

Free state: The state of existence when an element combines itself to form a single substance.

Combination state: The state of existence of an element when combined with other elements to form a compound.

In conclusion

The relationship between elements and matter

1. (Macroscopic understanding) Matter is composed of elements.

2. Two forms of existence of elements

Free state - elements in simple matter

Combined state – elements in a compound

3. Valence of elements: The same element may show different valence states in different substances: Properties - Valence state

4. Reasons for the wide variety of substances:

An element can form itself - elemental O2, Fe

Different elements can be made up - compounds NaCl, CO2

Two elements do not necessarily form only one compound CO, CO2

2. Classification of substances and properties of substances

1. Classification basis

In addition, compounds can be divided into electrolytes and non-electrolytes based on whether they can conduct electricity in an aqueous solution or in a molten state.

(1)Acid

Observe the elemental composition of the following acids to understand the classification of acids:

HCl H2SO4 HClO

H2CO3 HNO3 CH3COOH

According to whether it contains oxygen element: oxyacid, anaerobic acid

Several H+ are produced according to ionization: monobasic acid, dibasic acid, polybasic acid

(2)Alkali

Observe the chemical formula and remember the solubility of the following bases:

NH3·H2O KOH NaOH Ba(OH)2

Ca(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 Fe(OH)3 Cu(OH)2

①Those that are difficult to dissolve in water are generally unstable and easily decompose when heated:

② If it is soluble in water, its corresponding oxide can be reacted with water to generate:

(3)Salt

Observe the constituent elements of the following salts to understand the classification of salts:

NaCl Na2SO4 Na2CO3 KNO3 NH4Cl

(4) Oxide

Observe the constituent elements of the following oxides to understand their classification:

SO2 CO CO2 Na2O Na2O2 CuO

Oxygen and metal elements are composed of: metal oxides

Oxygen and non-metal elements are composed of: non-metal oxides

According to their properties, they can also be divided into acidic oxides and alkaline oxides.

①Acidic oxide

Definition: An oxide that reacts with a base to form only salt and water.

Properties: a. Reacts with alkali to produce only salt and water.

CO2 + 2NaOH ==== Na2CO3 + H2O

b. Most can combine with water to form acid.

CO2 + H2O ==== H2CO3

c. Most non-metal oxides are acidic oxides. CO, NO, and H2O are not acidic oxides.

Some metal oxides are also acidic oxides. Mn2O7 is an acidic oxide.

Tracking exercises

Decide whether the following statements are correct.

1. Metal oxides must be alkaline oxides. ( )

2. Alkaline oxides must be metal oxides. ( )

3. Acidic oxides must be non-metal oxides. ( )

4. Non-metal oxides are not necessarily acidic oxides. ( )

5. Compounds that can ionize H+ must be acids. ( )

6. CH3COOH is a monobasic acid. ( )

7. Compounds containing oxygen are all oxides. ( )

2. Study the properties of substances according to their categories

When studying the properties of substances according to their categories, typical representative substances are often selected for analysis;

Please work in groups to discuss the chemical properties of the following substances:

(1) Metal element (2) Oxide

(3) Acid (4) Base

(5) Salt

Classification of elements and substances PPT, Part 2 content: Class summary

1. The relationship between elements and matter

1. Matter is composed of elements

2. The reason for the wide variety of substances

3. Existence forms of elements: free state, combined state

2. Classification of substances

1.Acidic oxides, alkaline oxides

2. The relationship between elemental substances, oxides, acids, bases and salts

Classification of elements and substances PPT, Part 3: Practice in class

1. The following words are printed on the label of a certain mineral water: Main ingredients (unit: mg/L) Ca: 20.2, K: 39.1, Mg: 3.27, Zn: 0.06, F: 0.02.

"Ca, K, Mg, Zn, F" on the label refers to ( )

A.Element B.Element C.Atom D.Molecule

2.Which of the following related substances is classified or classified incorrectly ( )

A. Mixture: hydrochloric acid, pig iron, air

B. Compounds: CaCl2, NaOH, HCl

C. Salt: CaO, calcium carbonate, salt

D.Elements: He, O2, O3

3. A study group discussed and analyzed which of the following statements is correct ( )

A. Coarse salt and caustic soda are mixtures

B. Soda ash and caustic soda are both bases

C. Ice and dry ice are both pure substances and compounds

D. Hydrochloric acid and vinegar are both compounds and acids

4. Which of the following statements is correct ( )

A. Non-metal oxides are all acidic oxides

B. Any compound that can ionize H+ is an acid

C. Salt substances must contain metal elements

D. Metal oxides are not necessarily alkaline oxides

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