"Internal Energy of Objects" Internal Energy and Heat Engine PPT Courseware

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"Internal Energy of Objects" Internal Energy and Heat Engine PPT Courseware

1. Internal energy of an object

1. Concept: The sum of the _______ that all molecules in an object have due to thermal motion and the _______ between molecules is called the internal energy of the object. Internal energy is a form of energy in nature. The international unit of internal energy is _______, abbreviated as _______, and its symbol is “_______”.

2. The relationship between internal energy and temperature: As the temperature of an object increases, the internal energy _______; as the temperature _______, the internal energy decreases.

3. There are two ways to change the internal energy of an object: _______ and _______.

2. Heat

1. Heat: The internal energy of an object changed through _____ is called heat. Usually represented by the letters _____.

2. Heat transfer: There are three forms: _____, _____, and _____. The condition for heat transfer is that there is _____ between objects, and the high-temperature object will transfer _____ to the low-temperature object until __________.

Two ways to change the internal energy of an object

1. Work can change the internal energy of an object

When the outside world does work on the object, the internal energy of the object increases and the temperature rises; when the object does work on the outside world, the internal energy of the object decreases and the temperature decreases. Work can be used to measure changes in the internal energy of an object.

The essence of work changing the internal energy of an object is the mutual conversion between internal energy and other forms of energy.

2. Heat transfer can change the internal energy of an object

When an object absorbs heat, its internal energy increases; when an object releases heat, its internal energy decreases.

Changes in the internal energy of an object can be measured by the amount of heat absorbed and released.

The essence of heat transfer changing the internal energy of an object is the transfer of internal energy between objects, and the form of energy remains unchanged.

3. Work and heat transfer are equivalent in changing the internal energy of an object.

[Example] In the following life situations, what changes the internal energy of an object by doing work is ()

A. When a metal spoon is placed in hot soup, the temperature rises

B. People often use hot water bottles to keep warm in winter.

C. Food is placed in the refrigerator and the temperature decreases

D. The iron wire is bent repeatedly and the bends become hot.

Tip: The following methods can be used to determine the way to change the internal energy of an object: (1) If heat is absorbed or released during the change of the internal energy of an object, the internal energy of the object is changed by heat transfer; (2) The internal energy of the object is changed In the process of change, when a force does work on the object or the object does work on the outside, the internal energy of the object is changed by doing work.

Knowledge point 1 Internal energy

1. Regarding the internal energy of an object, which of the following statements is correct ()

A. An object with a temperature of 0°C has no internal energy

B. As the temperature of the same object increases, its internal energy must increase

C. Heat transfer is the only way to change the internal energy of an object

D. A glass of water and a bucket of water with the same temperature have the same internal energy.

2. Regarding the internal energy of an object, which of the following statements is correct ()

A. The higher the temperature of the object, the greater the internal energy

B. The temperature of the object remains unchanged and the internal energy remains unchanged

C. The higher the temperature, the greater the internal energy of an object.

D. An object with a temperature of 0°C has zero internal energy.

3. Comparing a small glass of water with the same temperature and a large bucket of water, _______ has greater internal energy.

Knowledge point 2: Two ways to change internal energy

4. Among the scenarios described below, the one that uses heat transfer to change the internal energy of an object is ()

A. People rub their hands to keep warm in winter

B. The child’s buttocks feel hot when sliding down the slide

C. The intensified greenhouse effect melts years of snow

D. Ancient people drilled wood to make fire

5. Among the following examples, the internal energy of an object is changed by doing work ()

A. Alcohol feels cold when applied to hands

B. People feel warm when exposed to the sun in winter

C. When sawing wood, the saw blade will get hot.

D. The temperature of the red-hot iron gradually decreases

6. During construction, we often see workers using cutting machines to cut cement pavement. The cutting machine must continuously pour water on the saw blade during construction, otherwise the saw blade will be damaged quickly. This is because the saw blade constantly cuts the road surface. _______, which increases the internal energy of the saw blade and increases the temperature. Watering the saw blade allows the water to absorb the heat of the saw blade through _______, reducing its internal energy and lowering its temperature.

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For more information about the PPT courseware "Internal Energy of Objects, Internal Energy and Heat Engines", please click the "Internal Energy of Objects ppt Internal Energy and Heat Engines ppt" tab.

"Internal Energy of Objects" PPT courseware:

"Internal Energy of Objects" PPT courseware Part One: Learning Objectives 1. Understand the concept and units of specific heat capacity, and try to use specific heat capacity to explain relevant natural phenomena. 2. Understand the concept and unit of calorific value, and describe ways to improve fuel utilization efficiency. 3. Take a gasoline engine as an example...

"Internal Energy of Objects" PPT:

"Internal Energy of Objects" PPT Part One: Thermal Movement 1. Matter is composed of particles such as ________, ________ or ions. The particles that constitute matter never stop doing irregular ________. The __________________ inside an object is called heat transport..

"Internal Energy of Objects" Internal Energy and Heat Engine PPT Courseware 3:

"Internal Energy of Objects" Internal Energy and Heat Engine PPT Courseware 3 Knowledge Review Concepts of Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy The energy an object has due to its movement is called kinetic energy; the energy an object has due to being lifted up is called gravitational potential energy. The energy an object has due to elastic deformation It's called elastic potential energy. ..

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Update Time: 2024-11-18

This template belongs to Physics courseware Shanghai Science Edition Ninth Grade Physics industry PPT template

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