"Kongming Borrows Arrows" PPT Courseware 8

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"Kongming Borrows Arrows" PPT Courseware 8

my country's Four Great Classical Novels

Romance of the Three Kingdoms Luo Guanzhong

Water Margin Shi Naian

Dream of Red Mansions Cao Xueqin

Journey to the West Wu Chengen

information kit

"The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is a famous historical novel in my country and one of the four great classics in my country. This novel tells the story of Wei, Shu, and Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. The characters such as Cao Cao, Sun Quan, Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, and Guan Yu created in the book are household names. Many stories in the book, such as "Three Brothers in Peach Garden", "Three Visits to Thatched Cottage", "Burning Red Cliff" and "Empty City Strategy", have been widely circulated. The author is Luo Guanzhong in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties.

The text "Borrowing Arrows from a Straw Boat" is adapted from the relevant content of Chapter 46 of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

Introduction to background

This text tells a story from the famous Chinese historical novel "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". The story takes place at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when Cao Cao had just defeated Liu Bei and sent troops to attack Sun Quan. So Liu Bei and Sun Quan united to resist Cao Cao. Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang to Sun Quan to help him fight. Sun Quan's general Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent and set up a trap, pretending that he was responsible for making 100,000 arrows, trying to frame him on the pretext that he failed to make arrows and violated military orders, so this story happened.

Get to know the characters

Understand who Cao Cao, Zhou Yu, Zhuge Liang, and Lu Su are, and what is the relationship between them?

Cao Cao was the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, Zhou Yu was the general under Sun Quan, Zhuge Liang was the military advisor under Liu Bei, and Lu Su assisted Zhou Yu in commanding the three armies. Zhuge Liang and Lu Su both advocated that the Sun and Liu families unite to fight against Cao. The text praises Zhuge Liang's intelligence through Kong Ming's borrowing of arrows.

Zhuge Liang, courtesy name Kongming, was born in Yangdu, Langya (now Yinan, Shandong). Politician and military strategist of the Shu Han Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he lived in seclusion in Longzhong, Deng County (now west of Xiangyang, Hubei Province), paying attention to worldly affairs, and was called "Wolong". In the twelfth year of Jian'an, Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage three times. He proposed to Liu Bei the idea of ​​occupying Jing (today's Hunan and Hubei) and Yi (today's Sichuan) states, seeking support from the rulers of all ethnic groups in the southwest, uniting with Sun Quan, fighting against Cao Cao, and unifying the country. That is, The so-called "Longzhong pair". From then on he became Liu Bei's main adviser.

learning target

1. Master new characters and new words.

2. Use various methods you have mastered to read the text smoothly.

3. Grasp the main content of the text through silent reading, understand the causes and consequences of Kong Ming’s borrowing of arrows, and further understand the author’s method of narrating stories and portraying characters.

4. Connect with the content of the full text, understand the central sentence of the full text, and understand the characteristics of the two characters Kong Ming and Zhou Yu.

new words

Jealous Governor willing to be rude

Chi Yan clothed the mantle privately in the water village

Beat the drum and shout to help the Prime Minister

understand words

jealousy military order delay

Invoke the magic plan

I am glad to have arrived. There is no joke in the army.

Conceal, hesitate, realize, don’t be fooled

The crossbowman accepted the promise and left, saying

Understand the meaning of words

Jealousy: Resentment towards people who are better than oneself in terms of talent, reputation and status. This lesson refers to Zhou Yu's jealousy of Zhuge Liang because he is better than himself.

Punishment: Punish severely.

It has its own magical uses: natural and clever uses.

Magical calculation: Amazing wit, ingenious planning, describing foresight, good at estimating the objective situation and deciding strategies.

first reading perception

What are the causes, processes, and results of borrowing arrows?

Browse the text quickly and see which word in the text best summarizes Zhuge Liang’s characteristics?

Read carefully

Contact the full text to think: Where does Zhuge Liang's "magical calculation" reflect?

"Lu Su was shocked and said: 'What if Cao Cao's troops come out together?' Kongming said with a smile: 'I don't think Cao Cao would dare to go out in the heavy fog. We will just drink and have fun, and we will go back when the fog clears.'"

"I predict that Cao Cao will not dare to come out in the heavy fog..." There is something in the words and something behind the words! Can you say what Zhuge Liang didn't say?

Is Zhuge Liang's calculation accurate? Can it be seen from where?

"Cao sent an order and said: 'The river is obscured by heavy fog. If the other army suddenly arrives, there will be an ambush. Don't move lightly. You can use the water army's crossbowmen to shoot random arrows at them."... About 10,000 people all rushed towards the river. Shoot arrows: arrows are like rain.

1. Approaching the water village, "Kong Ming ordered the boat to be hoisted back, receiving arrows from east to west, while beating drums and shouting." Why?

2. When did Cao Cao realize that he had been fooled?

3. What are the reasons for Kong Ming’s success in borrowing arrows?

Analyze the character’s psychology:

Zhou Yu (asking knowingly); "We are about to fight Cao Jun..."

Zhou Yu ( ) said: "Yes, sir, what I think is the same..."

Zhou Yu () said: "Is it made in ten days?"

Zhou Yu () said: "How many days do you think it will take, sir?"

Zhou Yu ( ) said: "The military situation is urgent, so we can't joke around."

Words for discussion: temptation, secret joy, threat, impatient

Group discussion: Why Zhuge Liang succeeded in borrowing arrows

Clear: Subjective reasons: relying on one’s own intelligence.

Objective reason: He asked Lu Su for help, and Lu Su helped him.

Over time and over time

Idioms about the Three Kingdoms

Look at the plum blossoms to quench thirst. Look at the thatched cottage three times. It tastes like chicken ribs.

After three days of separation, you should look at each other with admiration

Don't let go of the scroll. The old horse knows the way and has its own magical effect.

God's clever calculation and willingness

A few words about the Three Kingdoms

Borrowing arrows from a straw boat—returning with a full load

Zhang Fei eats bean sprouts - a piece of cake

Zhou Yu hits the yellow cover - one is willing to hit and the other is willing to suffer

Zhuge Liang borrowed arrows - never returned the borrowed arrows

Zhang Fei eats a weight - determined

Kong Ming borrowed the east wind - cleverly used the weather

Recruiting relatives in Soochow - Losing his wife and losing his troops

Extend learning

1. Do you still know the historical stories in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms"?

Choose one of the three characters Zhou Yu, Lu Su, and Cao Cao and talk about your own views.

2. Read "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" after class.

1. Copy new characters and new words.

2. Read the text aloud by role and practice retelling the text.

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Update Time: 2024-10-01

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