"Fish I Want" PPT Courseware 10

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"Fish I Want" PPT Courseware 10

About the Author

Mencius was a great thinker, politician and representative of Confucianism during the Warring States Period. Together with Confucius, he is also called "Confucius and Mencius".

Politically, Mencius advocated the rule of law before the king and benevolent government; theoretically, he admired Confucius and opposed Yang Zhu and Mo Zhai. He advocated benevolent government and put forward the people-oriented thought of "the people are more important than the emperor". He traveled to Qi, Song, Teng, Wei, Lu and other countries, following the example of Confucius and implementing his own political ideas, which lasted for more than 20 years. However, Mencius' theory of benevolent government was considered "far-fetched and broad-minded" and was not implemented. In the end, he retired from teaching, and together with his students, he "prefaced the Poetry and the Book, described the meaning of Zhongni (that is, Confucius), and wrote seven chapters of Mencius."

One of the "Four Books" of Mencius. In the middle of the Warring States Period, Mencius and his disciples Wan Zhang and Gongsun Chou were waiting. Records for Mencius, his disciples, and his disciples. It was first seen in Zhao Qi's "Mencius' Inscription": "This book was written by Mencius, so it is always called "Mencius"." "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" contains eleven chapters of "Mencius", of which seven chapters exist in fourteen volumes. The total number of words is more than 35,000 words and 286 chapters. According to legend, there were four other chapters of "Mencius's Wai Shu" that have been lost (the current "Mencius' Wai Shu" was forged by Yao Shi of the Ming Dynasty). The book records the political, educational, philosophical, ethical and other ideological views and political activities of Mencius and his disciples.

Four Books and Five Classics:

Four books: "Mencius", "The Analects", "The Doctrine of the Mean" and "The Great Learning"

Five Classics: The Book of Songs, The Book of Documents, The Book of Rites, The Book of Changes, and The Spring and Autumn Annals

Mencius' famous sayings

1. Wealth and honor cannot lead to adultery, poverty and lowliness cannot move, and power cannot bend.

2. When I am old, I am as old as other people; when I am young, I am as young as other people.

3. Born in sorrow and died in happiness.

4. If you get the right way, you will get a lot of help, but if you get the wrong way, you will get little help.

5. When a man is given a great responsibility from heaven, he must first strain his mind, strain his muscles and bones, and starve his body.

Rhythm division

If it makes people want nothing more than life

Those who call you and follow them, those who practice the Way, will not be able to bear it.

If you have ten thousand bells, you will not understand etiquette and righteousness but will accept it.

Today, I know that the poor and needy can get me and do it for me.

collaborative inquiry

1. What is the central argument of the first paragraph?

2. What is the central argument of the third paragraph?

3. What is the central argument of the full text?

4. What is the function of writing "I want fish, I want bear's paws" at the beginning? What kind of argument is this?

5. Why should we “sacrifice our lives for righteousness”? What reasons does the author have? (find out from the text)

6. What argument method is used in the second paragraph?

Paragraph ①

(Central argument) Life is what I want, and righteousness is what I want. You cannot have both, and you must sacrifice life for righteousness.

Why are "fish" and "bear's paw" written at the beginning of the article? What argument method was used? what's the effect?

Use metaphors to argue, comparing "fish" to "bear's paw", "fish" to "生", and "bear's paw" to "righteousness". It implies that when "what we want" conflicts, we must make correct choices and trade-offs.

Paragraph ②

Using the method of example and argumentation, it was demonstrated from a positive perspective that one should not forget one's own interests. "One basket of food, one bean soup" is very rare, but it is related to life, so it is also precious. However, even a beggar is not willing to accept "Qi Er Er Yi", let alone a person who values ​​"righteousness" very seriously. The argument is strong, emphasizing "righteousness" and cannot bear humiliation.

Paragraph ③

Use examples and comparative arguments. Structurally, this paragraph is juxtaposed with the second paragraph. It strongly and prominently demonstrates that whether it is something related to one's own survival or something used for enjoyment, it must have "righteousness", thus demonstrating the core of the article. argument.

Original Mind: The inherent good nature of human beings

The reason for losing one's original intention is that one did not stick to his innate goodness, but was influenced by the environment and tempted by the desire for gain.

Main point

This article is a reasoning essay discussing moral standards and political integrity. With a serious attitude and solemn language, the author talks about the relationship between life and death and "righteousness" and points out that the value of "righteousness" is higher than life. A person with integrity and moral cultivation should live and die for righteousness. When necessary, he should "sacrifice his life for righteousness" and should not "see gain and forget his righteousness." It is not advisable to pursue wealth without discerning etiquette and justice.

Polysemy

1. with

The poor I know are given to me

Call it with it

2. and

And with it

Therefore, there is no need to use it when it is born.

3. At

Those who want more than life

How can a thousand bells be added to me?

Think and explore

Thousands of years ago, Mencius put forward the problem of "you can't have your cake and eat it too" and the view that one should "sacrifice one's life for righteousness". So in our modern society, we are faced with more and more temptations and various challenges in life. Test, what choice should we make?

Reference: both birth and meaning. The most precious thing for people is life. When we encounter this kind of thing, we should try our best to do our best. This requires us to work hard to improve ourselves in normal times. We can do as much as we can, but When encountering matters related to national justice, the interests of the motherland are far higher than your own interests, even if you lose your life.

Class exercises

1. Quickly read the second section of the text and talk about the aspects from which this section demonstrates that justice should be given top priority when facing life choices.

2. Compare and read the following materials, and talk about the value orientation they each show in conjunction with the text.

Material 1: Riches and honors cannot lead to sexual immorality, poverty and lowliness cannot be removed, and power cannot be surrendered. This is called a true man. (Mencius)

Material 2: Life is precious, but love is even more valuable. For the sake of freedom, both can be thrown away. (Hungary Petofi)

Material three: Since ancient times, no one has died, and his loyalty will be remembered by history. (Wen Tianxiang)

Material 4: Beheading does not matter, as long as the principle is true. Kill Xia Minghan and the people who came after him. (Xia Minghan)

1. This passage uses fish as a metaphor for ___, bear paws as a metaphor for ___, and giving up fish for bear paws as a metaphor for _________. The article also compares ____ and ____, pointing out that there is something more precious than ______ in the world, that is ___; there is also something more terrifying than _______, which is _______.

2. The central argument of this passage is ( ).

A． ① Sentence B. ②Sentence C． ⑧Sentence D. ⑨ sentence

3. The argument methods used in this passage include ( ).

A. Metaphorical argumentation method, example argumentation method, theoretical argumentation method

B． Metaphorical argumentation method, example argumentation method, comparative argumentation method

C． Theoretical Argument, Comparative Argument, Metaphorical Argument

D． Theoretical Argument, Comparative Argument, Example Argument

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Update Time: 2024-09-02

This template belongs to Chinese courseware Chinese version of ninth-grade Chinese language volume 1 industry PPT template

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