Ten PPT coursewares for "The Analects of Confucius" 8

Description

Ten PPT coursewares for "The Analects of Confucius" 8

New course introduction

In the 21st lesson "The Analects of Confucius" in the first volume of seventh grade, we studied six Analects excerpted from "The Analects" about learning attitude, learning methods and personal cultivation. Please read it together.

1. Confucius said: "Isn't it right to learn and practice it over time? Isn't it a joy to have friends come from afar? Isn't it a gentleman if a person doesn't know and is not surprised?"

2. Confucius said: "One can become a teacher by reviewing the old and learning the new."

3. Confucius said: "Learning without thinking will lead to indifference; thinking without learning will lead to peril."

4. Confucius said: Those who know are not as good as those who are good at it, and those who are good at it are not as good as those who are happy.

5. Confucius said: "When three people walk, they must have my teacher. Choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones."

6. Confucius said: "When I was fifteen, I was committed to learning; when I was thirty, I was established; when I was forty, I was not confused; when I was fifty, I knew the destiny of heaven; when I was sixty, my ears were obedient; when I was seventy, I followed my heart's desires without going beyond the rules."

Explanation of the title

The "Ten Analects of Confucius" we are going to study today are ten Analects of Confucius about the way of self-cultivation in Confucianism. They are records of Confucius' conversations with his disciples at different times. "Lun" means compilation. These ten Analects cover Confucian standards of life, from the pursuit of ideals to moral behavior, to interpersonal relationships, to art appreciation. Quotations refer to collections of personal speeches or conversations between two or more people. In ancient China, disciples recorded the teacher's remarks, often in spoken language, so it was also called "Quotations". The style of quotations is characterized by kindness, warning, and insight, and can be used as a basis for self-cultivation and motivation for learning. "Quotation style" now also refers to works compiled from the writings of writers or thinkers, with beautiful words of warning or sayings that are beneficial to the body and mind.

About the Author

Confucius (551 BC - 479 BC), whose surname was Qiu and courtesy name Zhongni, was a native of Zou Yi (now Qufu, Shandong Province) of the state of Lu. A great thinker, politician and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period of China, and the founder of Confucianism. Confucius promoted the idea of ​​"benevolent government" throughout his life.

He traveled around various vassal states for 13 years but was not accepted. In his later years, he devoted himself to education and compilation of classical documents. He edited and compiled the Book of Songs, Shangshu, Zhouli, Book of Rites, Rites, Yi Jing, Yue Jing, etc., and edited the Spring and Autumn Annals. Later generations called him "saint".

"The Analects of Confucius" is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. It is a quotation-style work compiled by Confucius's disciples and his disciples. The core idea of ​​Confucius' theory is "benevolence", which proposes "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you"; advocates "teaching without distinction, teaching in accordance with aptitude", and has the spirit of "being tireless in learning and teaching others". This thought of his runs through the Analects of Confucius consistently. The arrangement of chapters in "The Analects" has no necessary connection in content, and each chapter and section forms an independent chapter.

It covers an extremely wide range of fields and records Confucius' remarks on philosophy, economics, politics, ethics, aesthetics, literature, music, morality, etc. It is the main document for studying Confucius and the Confucianism he founded. The Analects, as a collection of words and deeds by Confucius and his disciples, has had a significant impact on the psychological quality and moral behavior of the Chinese nation. Until the New Culture Movement in modern times, it had been a must-read book for Chinese beginners for more than two thousand years. The whole book includes 20 chapters such as "Xue Er" and "For Evidence", covering Confucius's political opinions, moral cultivation, educational principles, etc. "The Analects", "Mencius", "The Great Learning" and "The Doctrine of the Mean" are collectively called the "Four Books".

overall perception

(1) Zengzi said: "I will examine myself three times today - have I been unfaithful in my plans for others? Have I not trusted my friends in my dealings? Have I not learned to pass them on?"

Zengzi said: "I reflect on myself three times a day - Am I not sincere in planning for others? Is it dishonest in interacting with friends? Am I not reviewing the knowledge imparted by (the teacher)?"

(2) Confucius said: "When you see a virtuous person, you should reflect on it; when you see a virtuous person, you should reflect on yourself."

Confucius said: "When you see a person with excellent virtues, you should try to emulate him; when you see a person who is not excellent, you should also check yourself (against him)."

(3) Zigong asked: "Is there anything you can say that can be implemented throughout your life?" Confucius said: "Forgive me! Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you."

Zigong asked: "Is there a saying that can be used as a rule for life?" Confucius said: "Use your own heart to infer the hearts of others! Don't impose it on others if you don't like it."

Polysemy

Explain the word "道" in the following sentences:

1. There is a long way to go. the way

2. Don’t get it by following the way. benevolence

Explain the word "and" in the following sentences:

1. I and Dianye. Appreciate

2. Those who live with my father. and

Explain the word "go" in the following sentences:

1. If you don’t follow the path to get it, don’t get rid of it. depart, abandon

2. There are not many ways to get to Pengshan. distance

Explain the word "shi" in the following sentences:

1. A scholar cannot be without generosity. Refers to scholars

2. A person who holds a whip. petty official

Ancient Chinese Sentences

1. Inversion sentence

1. Desire. That is "huyiyu", adverbial postposition

2. The wind is dancing. That is, "about dancing in the wind", with the adverbial postposition

3. There are five or six crown princes and six or seven boys. The attributive postposition of "五六" and "六七"

2. Judgment sentences

Wealth and honor are what people want.

When you see someone who is not virtuous, you should introspect yourself.

3. Omitted sentences

The villain, on the other hand, omits the preposition "yu" before "是".

Don't do anything to others. Omit the object "zhi" in front of "yu"

Class summary

1. The words are concise and concise, rich in philosophy, and inspiring;

2. The language is simple and concise, and the characters are vivid;

Knowledge link

Profound and incisive language is the most prominent feature of "The Analects of Confucius". We should pay attention to the simplicity of language in future writing. It is divided into independent paragraphs, each paragraph expresses a concept, and the ten Analects express different thoughts. This is also worthy of our study.

think about it

What three aspects does the "three provinces" refer to? Please answer in modern Chinese.

Is it insincere to plan for others? Is it dishonest to interact with friends? Don’t you want to review the knowledge taught by the teacher?

Number 7: From what aspects does it educate people’s ideological and moral ethics?

People should not only correct themselves, but also help others achieve virtue.

What is the standard of a gentleman in Confucius's mind? What is the practical significance?

The standard of a gentleman in Confucius's mind is to first do what he says and then follow it. Confucius's spirit of attaching importance to practice, having the courage to practice, and acting first before speaking still has positive significance today.

How to implement the principle of "the beauty of a gentleman and the evil of a gentleman"? Let’s talk about reality.

For example, when interacting with classmates, you should not be motivated by emotion, you should not turn a blind eye to your friends' mistakes, and you should be brave enough to criticize and correct them.

central idea

This article focuses on explaining the way of self-cultivation in Confucianism through dialogue between master and disciple or borrowing topics. It touches on Confucian standards of life, pursuit of ideals, moral behavior, interpersonal relationships, and the relationship between man and nature. These insights have influenced us for thousands of years and are the essence of Eastern thought and culture.

Operation

Collect at least two Analects of Confucius and share them with students in class tomorrow.

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Update Time: 2024-10-02

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