"Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union" PPT courseware on the evolution of the post-war world structure

Description

"Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union" PPT courseware on the evolution of the post-war world structure

After World War II, Germany and its capital Berlin were occupied by the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France, and military control was implemented. In 1949, under the planning of the United States, the Federal Republic of Germany (Federal Germany, West Germany) was established in western Germany. Then, with the support of the Soviet Union, the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) was established in eastern Germany. At the end of 1948, Berlin was officially split into two cities.

On the night of August 12, 1961, East Germany blocked the border with West Berlin and erected a barbed wire fence. By September, construction of a cement and stone wall about 3.5 meters high began. By October 1989, a nearly 154-kilometer-long wall surrounding West Berlin was formed.

The Berlin Wall was a symbol of the Cold War between the East and the West and the product of the Cold War confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. Germany became the forefront of the Cold War.

content standards

Briefly describe the Truman Doctrine and other historical facts, understand the formation of the "Cold War" confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union, and initially understand the threat of hegemonism to human progress and security.

Textbook analysis

1. Truman Doctrine 2. The struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union for hegemony

1. Truman Doctrine

The United States was the main formulator and executor of the "Cold War" policy. On March 12, 1947, Truman delivered a government address to the joint session of the two houses of Congress, asking the United States to assist "Greece and Turkey who are threatened by communism" and declared that the United States would confront the Soviet Union and communism everywhere in the world. This is "Truman Doctrine". Its introduction marked the official beginning of the "Cold War".

What was the Cold War? What's the point of it?

After World War II, the United States relied on its extremely expanded economic and military strength to actively seek global hegemony. The strength of the Soviet Union and the expansion of communist influence hindered the realization of U.S. global hegemony. The United States adopted all means except war to contain communism and stabilize capitalism. This policy was called the "Cold War" policy.

The focus of the "Cold War" was Europe.

Explore the causes of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union?

Material 1: After the end of World War II, the United States had atomic bombs, more than 12 million troops, 30 aircraft carriers, more than 1,000 other warships, and nearly 500 overseas military bases; its industrial production accounted for 2/3 of the world's total, and its foreign trade exports accounted for 2/3 of the world's total. 1/3, gold reserves account for 3/4 of the world; controls and manipulates the United Nations.

Material 2: In 1946, U.S. President Truman publicly declared. "The United States is a powerful country today, and no country is more powerful. ... That means that when we have such power, we must shoulder the burden of leadership and bear responsibility."

Material 3: The total number of Soviet troops is 11.4 million, with an annual output of 40,000 combat aircraft. They are stationed in many areas of Europe and Asia, liberated a large area of ​​Eastern European territory, and expanded their territory by 600,000 square kilometers. In the early post-war period, Soviet troops were stationed in vast areas such as Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Northeast China, and northern Korea. The Soviet Union became the only political and military power that could compete with the United States.

Combine the above materials to analyze the reasons why the United States pursued the Cold War policy?

1. After World War II, the political, economic, and military strength of the United States increased greatly, and it became the leader of the capitalist world. The United States attempted to dominate the world with its strong strength.

2. The strength of the Soviet Union became an obstacle to the United States' ambition to achieve hegemony.

3. The strength of both sides is balanced, and war will hurt both sides.

4. The Second World War has just ended, the people are war-weary, peace has become the trend of the times, and the United States does not dare to launch a war rashly.

(1) Political manifestations of Cold War policies: the introduction of the Truman Doctrine

(2) Economically: Implementation of the Marshall Plan

(3) Establishing the North Atlantic Treaty Organization militarily

2. The struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union for hegemony

(1) The first stage of the struggle for hegemony: (late 1950s to mid-1960s)

The Soviet Union attempted to be on an equal footing with the United States, but its advantage lay with the United States.

(2) The second stage of the struggle for hegemony: (mid-1960s to late 1970s)

The Soviet Union stepped up its offensive, and the United States switched from offense to defense.

The three stages of the United States and the Soviet Union's struggle for hegemony showed different situations between the two sides. The key reason for this is the comparative changes in the economic, military and other strengths (comprehensive national strength) of the two sides. It can be seen that the main factor that determines changes in international relations is whether there are major changes in the balance of power between countries, and a country's status in international relations is ultimately determined by its strength.

Speak freely

"Studying history makes people wise." During the half-century-long Cold War bipolar confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union, international relations experienced ups and downs, which had a profound impact on world history. So, what lessons can we draw from this history?

Enlightenment: 1. We should oppose hegemonism and safeguard world peace and development.

2. Social development is diverse, and we should respect the people of all countries in choosing their own development paths based on their national conditions.

3. The strength of comprehensive national strength depends on the quality of economic development, and we should insist on focusing on economic construction.

Classroom training

1. (2010 Binzhou Academic Examination) After studying the "Cold War" content, Fang Ming organized his notes as follows. There is an error in it, please find it ( )

A.Purpose: to contain communism

B. Scope: between capitalism and socialist countries

C.Method: Take all means

D. Beginning sign: The introduction of the Truman Doctrine

2. (2010·Dongguan Academic Examination) This is a special war that exists between two different social systems, which not only threatens world peace but also maintains relative peace in the world. This special war began in ( )

A． The Truman Doctrine is introduced

B. Implementation of the Marshall Plan

C． NATO is established

D． The Warsaw Pact is established

3. (2010·Guiyang High School Entrance Examination) After World War II, the United States took an important measure, which not only helped Europe in trouble, but also stimulated the development of its own economy. This measure is ( )

A． Implementation of Roosevelt's New Deal

B. Establishment of the Warsaw Pact

C． the establishment of the european community

D． Implementation of the Marshall Plan

6. (2010·Jingmen High School Entrance Examination) Read the following materials and answer the questions.

Material 1: The United States is in a leading position in the world...The responsibilities borne by Caesar, Genghis Khan, Louis XIV, Napoleon and any other great leader cannot be compared with the responsibilities borne by the United States. ——Speech to Congress by U.S. President Truman (1945)

Material 2: Peace and development have become the themes of today's era. The world is moving toward multipolarity, and it is possible to strive for a longer-term international peaceful environment. ——Jiang Zemin’s report at the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

(1) What is the true intention of the United States reflected in Material 1?

(2) From the post-World War II period to the early 1950s, what actions did the United States take politically, economically, and militarily to fulfill its “responsibility”? What's the impact?

(3) What are the specific manifestations of “the world is moving toward multipolarity” in Material 2?

Reference answer:

(1) The United States attempts to dominate the world.

(2) Politically, the "Truman Doctrine" was proposed; economically, the "Marshall Plan" was implemented; militarily, NATO was established. Influence: Control Western Europe, contain the Soviet Union, and promote the formation of a bipolar structure.

(3) Performance: After the disintegration of the bipolar structure, the strength of countries and national alliances such as the European Union, Japan, China and Russia has continued to increase, restraining the United States from seeking hegemony and promoting a multi-polar world structure.

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Update Time: 2024-09-02

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