"The Role of Bacteria and Fungi in Nature" Bacteria and Fungi PPT Courseware 5

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"The Role of Bacteria and Fungi in Nature" Bacteria and Fungi PPT Courseware 5

Objectives of this lesson:

1. Name the role of bacteria and fungi in material circulation.

2. List the effects of bacteria and fungi on animals, plants and humans.

3. Comprehensively understand the role of bacteria and fungi in nature from multiple angles and levels.

4. Through the understanding of the relationship between bacteria and fungi, animals, plants and humans, experience the dialectical view of problems from both positive and negative aspects.

5. Choose a healthy lifestyle

think about it

What causes these foods to spoil or become moldy?

Discussion: Bacillus subtilis causes pears to rot. How is it related to the fruit?

Bacillus subtilis uses fruits as a source of nutrition and obtains energy by decomposing organic matter in the fruits, causing fruit spoilage.

Concept formation:

Living things decompose organic matter or dead organisms and take in nutrients to sustain life, a lifestyle called saprophysis.

2. Causing diseases to animals, plants and humans

Cotton blight, rice blast, and wheat leaf rust. Corn smut and other diseases are caused by _____. The fungus absorbs a large amount of nutrients from the plant, causing severe crop yield losses.

Some bacteria and fungi live in _____ by absorbing _______ from _____ animals, plants and humans, causing animals, plants and humans to _____.

Concept formation:

When two organisms live together, one benefits and the other suffers, with the latter providing nutrients and a place to live. This relationship is called parasitism. The victim is called the host, also called the host.

Two organisms live together, depend on each other, and benefit each other. Once separated, the survival of both will be affected or even die. This phenomenon is called symbiosis.

The role of bacteria and fungi in nature

1. Participate in the material cycle as a decomposer

(Saprophytic: Breaking down organic matter or dead organisms and taking in nutrients to sustain life.)

2. Causing diseases to animals, plants and humans

(Parasite: Living together, one party benefits and the other suffers.)

3. Symbiosis with animals and plants

(Symbiosis: living together, dependent on each other, beneficial to each other.)

Rhizobium is a class of single-celled microorganisms without a formed nucleus. When legume seedlings grow, rhizobia in the soil that are compatible with the leguminous plant invade the roots. Rhizobium bacteria continue to multiply in the roots and stimulate some parenchyma cells in the roots to divide, and then the tissues expand and form root nodules. Leguminous plants produce organic matter, part of which is supplied to rhizobia. Rhizobium bacteria supply nitrogen to leguminous plants through biological nitrogen fixation. According to The above information answers:

(1) What is the relationship between leguminous plants and rhizobia? Symbiosis.

(2) What kind of fungus is Rhizobium? What is the nutritional approach? Bacteria, heterotrophs.

(3) What are the advantages of plants getting fertilizer through rhizobia compared with applying large amounts of chemical fertilizers?

Reduce environmental pollution and reduce costs.

Exercise step by step

1. Among the following statements about bacterial colonies, which one is incorrect ( )

A. A colony is a mass reproduction of the same type of bacteria or fungi.

B. Bacteria colonies are aggregates formed by the aggregation of various bacteria

C. The colonies are visible to the naked eye and have a certain morphological structure.

D. Bacterial colonies can be used as an important basis for bacterial species identification.

2. If you want to detect whether there are bacteria on the coin, you need to press the coin lightly on the culture medium. This step belongs to the general method ( )

A. Prepare culture medium B. Sterilize C. Inoculate D. Culture fungi

3. The reproduction of bacteria depends on ( )

A. Spore B. Spore C. Division D. Budding

4. Compared with tomato pulp cells, what is not found in Diplococcus pneumoniae cells ( )

A. Cell wall B. Cell membrane C. Cytoplasm D. Formed nucleus

5. What are the different colors of Penicillium and Aspergillus? ( )

A. cap B. hyphae C. stipe D. spores

In agricultural production, people often increase the fertility of the soil by planting leguminous plants, thereby increasing crop yields. This is why.

Because rhizobia can fix nitrogen in the air, the nitrogen content in the soil increases. Nitrogen can promote plant growth. Therefore, leguminous plants can improve soil fertility and thereby increase crop yields.

1. Bacteria and fungi are widely distributed in the biosphere.

2. A visible aggregate formed by the reproduction of bacteria or fungi is called _______.

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Update Time: 2024-10-03

This template belongs to biology courseware People's Education Edition Biology for Grade 8, Volume 1 industry PPT template

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