"The Challenge of the West and the Decline of the Qing Dynasty" Economic and cultural development and China on the eve of modern times PPT courseware

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"The Challenge of the West and the Decline of the Qing Dynasty" Economic and cultural development and China on the eve of modern times PPT courseware

learning target

1. Understand the history of the colonial forces coming east in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and China’s anti-aggression struggle, and inspire the spirit of patriotism.

2. Know the reasons why the Qing Dynasty went from prosperity to decline in the late Qianlong period, and be able to correctly analyze the governance crisis in the middle and late Qing Dynasty.

3. Understand the historical events of Macartney's visit to China, and understand the "closed-door policy" and its impact.

Research point: colonial forces coming east

In 1553, the Portuguese bribed Ming Dynasty officials and stole Macau on the grounds that the goods were wet and needed to be dried. Later, Portugal occupied Macau for a long time.

Historical argument:

Taiwan has been Chinese territory since ancient times

In 1.230, Sun Quan ordered Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi to lead a fleet of ten thousand people to Yizhou (Taiwan). Since then, Taiwan's ties with the mainland have gradually become closer.

2. From 607 to 610, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty sent people to Liuqiu three times to strengthen the relationship between mainland China and Taiwan.

3. During the Yuan Dynasty, the "Penghu Inspection Department" was established to manage the Ryukyu and Penghu Islands areas, proving that Taiwan has belonged to China since ancient times.

Research point: Political corruption in the middle and late Qing Dynasty

In the late Qianlong period, the "Kangxi and Qianlong Dynasties" reached their peak. From the late Qianlong period, the latent crisis gradually emerged. Emperor Qianlong liked to travel and went to the south of the Yangtze River six times, spending extravagantly. Officials, big and small, act effectively, their governance is corrupt, and major corruption cases have been reported many times.

Extravagance is prevalent among the upper classes, and officials at all levels are corrupt and bribery-free. They generally do half-heartedly and do not seek to make progress.

During the Jiaqing period, there were about 800 million acres of cultivated land in the country, of which the imperial farmland, the Eight Banners farmland and the government-controlled farmland accounted for 1/10. He He even occupied 800,000 acres of land, and his two stewards also occupied 60,000 acres of land. The family of Qishan, the minister of Daoguang Dynasty, owned 2.56 million acres of land, far more than Henan.

Its predecessor was the residence of the great scholar and the emperor during the Qianlong period. In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), He was convicted and his residence became an official. During the reign of Emperor Xianfeng, the mansion was given to his younger brother Yiyi, and it was called Prince Gong's mansion. It covers an area of ​​46.5 acres, with a grand courtyard, magnificent buildings, and surrounding verandas. With its winding corridors, pavilions, pools and flowers and trees, the mansion reflects the luxury of life in Henan.

Research point: Macartney’s visit to China and the “isolation of the country”

The first Earl Macartney (George Macartney 1737.5.14 ~ 1806.5.31) was a British statesman and diplomat.

Changes in isolation and corresponding manifestations:

In the early Qing Dynasty, there was a strict maritime ban, which prohibited merchants and civilians from going to the sea. Violators were punished with death.

After the reunification of Taiwan, sea restrictions were relaxed, and many ports in Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Ningbo, Songjiang and other places were opened to the outside world.

During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, the country was closed to the outside world and Guangzhou was opened to the outside world, with strict restrictions on foreign business activities and domestic businessmen going overseas.

The pros and cons of clearing up the country’s isolation policy

Pros: Resist foreign aggression to a certain extent.

Disadvantages: The negative "closed-door" policy restricted China's foreign trade, but it could not stop the expansion of the colonists. As the Qing Dynasty gradually fell behind the world trend, China's development could no longer keep up with the pace of Western development after the Industrial Revolution.

1. After the Battle of Yaksa, representatives of China and Russia signed the first treaty delimiting the border between China and Russia through peaceful negotiations ( )

A. "Beijing Treaty"

B. "Treaty of Aihun"

C. "Treaty of Nerchinsk"

D. "Treaty of Nanjing"

2. The Qing Dynasty began to face serious social crises in the middle of its rule. Which of the following does not belong to the social phenomenon of this period ( )

A. Disarmament of armaments

B. Official corruption

C. The coexistence of national political powers

D. Peasant uprisings continue

3. The cartoon on the right reflects that an important reason for China’s backwardness in modern times is ( )

A. Weak economic foundation

B. Internal centralized authoritarianism

C. Close the country to the outside world

D. Frequently invaded by foreign powers

4. Emperor Qianlong once said: "The products of the Celestial Empire are abundant and everything is available. Originally, goods from foreigners were not used to communicate what was available." This shows that he ()

A. exclude foreign trade

B． Adhere to the agricultural-oriented concept

C. Worry about national sovereignty being violated

D. Believe that Western countries are backward and ignorant

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"The Challenge of the West and the Decline of the Qing Dynasty" Economic and cultural development and China on the eve of modern times PPT courseware 3:

"The Challenge of the West and the Decline of the Qing Dynasty" Economic and cultural development and China on the eve of modern times PPT courseware 3 1. The coming of colonial forces from the East 1. 16th century (1) Portuguese: Occupy Macau (2) Spaniards and Dutch: Occupy Taiwan 2. Mid-17th century (1) Tsarist Russia..

"The Challenge of the West and the Decline of the Qing Dynasty" Economic and cultural development and China on the eve of modern times PPT courseware 2:

"The Challenge of the West and the Decline of the Qing Dynasty" Economic and cultural development and China on the eve of modern times PPT courseware 2 1. The colonial power came to the East In the 16th century, the Portuguese occupied _____, the Spanish and the Dutch successively occupied _____, and in the mid-17th century, Tsarist Russia invaded my country's Heilongjiang River...

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Update Time: 2024-11-20

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