"Ming and Qing Dynasties" Political changes in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country PPT courseware 4

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"Ming and Qing Dynasties" Political changes in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country PPT courseware 4

In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, politics became increasingly corrupt. Ministers: 1. The emperor and the royal family: political corruption and social turmoil. They were addicted to pleasure and neglected government affairs. Ministers formed cliques for personal gain and fought for power and profit. 2. Eunuchs have exclusive power. The chaos in government affairs has caused the central government's control over society to continue to decline.

1. Social crisis in the late Ming Dynasty

1. Late Ming Crisis

(1) Politics is becoming increasingly corrupt

(2) Land annexation is serious and farmers are displaced

(3) The finances cannot make ends meet, and the court repeatedly increases taxes

2. Consequences

(1) Social production has been greatly damaged

(2) The burden on the people has increased and social conflicts have intensified.

2. Peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty

1. Prologue

In 1627, hungry people in Shaanxi rioted, kicking off the great peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty.

2. Li Zicheng, the "King of Chuang"

(1) In 1636, Li Zicheng was elected as the "King of Chuang" and put forward the slogan "equalize land and avoid taxes"

(2) In 1644, Li Zicheng established the Dashun regime in Xi'an and later invaded Beijing. Chongzhen hanged himself and the Ming Dynasty was destroyed.

3. The rise of Manchuria and the entry of Qing troops

1. The rise of Manchuria

(1) In the late Ming Dynasty, Nurhachi, the leader of the Jurchen tribe in Jianzhou, created the Eight Banners system and the Manchu language to unify all Jurchen tribes

(2) In 1616, Nurhaci established a political power, the country was named Dajin, and was known as "Later Jin" in history.

(3) In 1636, Huang Taiji proclaimed himself emperor in Shengjing and changed the name of the country to Qing.

2. Qing troops enter the customs

(1) Ming general Wu Sangui surrendered to the Qing Dynasty and led Qing troops into the pass

(2) In 1644, Qing troops entered the customs and occupied Beijing.

(3) At the end of 1644, the Qing Dynasty officially established its capital in Beijing.

Suitang quiz

1. The most fundamental reason for the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty is ( )

A. Huge military expenditure B. Years of famine

C. Political corruption D. Eunuchs wielding power

2. In 1644, the peasant army general who captured Beijing and overthrew the Ming Dynasty was ( )

A.Gao Yingxiang B.Li Zicheng

C.Zhu Yuanzhang D.Wu Sangui

3. After Nurhachi was founded, Jin was in ( )

A.1115 years B.1206 years

C.1616 D.1636

4. Who changed Jin to Qing and Jurchen to Manchu ( )

A.Wanyan Aguda B.Huang Taiji

C. Yelu Abaoji D. Temujin

brainstorming

Answer: There are two views on this question. First, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains by accident. The main reason was that Wu Sangui surrendered for his own interests, and the rulers of the Qing Dynasty were able to enter the Pass. Second, it is inevitable for the rulers of the Qing Dynasty to take over the Central Plains for the following reasons: (1) The rule of the Ming Dynasty has been extremely decadent. Under the double blow of the peasant uprising and the Qing army, it will inevitably perish. It is only a matter of time; (2) Peasants Li Zicheng After the army entered Beijing, they were greedy for comfort and quickly corrupted; (3) The Qing regime established by the Manchu aristocrats was on the rise, forging ahead, full of vitality, and growing in power. The above inevitable factors made Wu Sangui's seemingly accidental decision to introduce Qing troops into the Pass a necessity.

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Update Time: 2024-10-05

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