"The Origin and Development of Early States" PPT courseware download

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"The Origin and Development of Early States" PPT courseware download

Part One: The Establishment of the Xia Dynasty and the "Family World"

Read textbook page 18:

Who was the founder of the Xia Dynasty? When was it established? Where is the capital?

1. Time of establishment: approximately 2070 BC

2. Founder: Yu

3. Capital: Yangcheng

4. Political institutions: military, criminal law, prisons

5. Status: The first dynasty in Chinese history.

6. Significance: The establishment of Xia marked the emergence of early Chinese states.

7. Yu's son Qi succeeded to the throne, and the hereditary system replaced the abdication system.

8. Central area: Mainly in southern Shanxi and central and western Henan.

What is the difference between hereditary system and abdication system?

(1) The ways to generate leaders are different. The hereditary system is generated through inheritance, while the abdication system is generated through recommendation-it is a common world.

(2) The conditions are different. Hereditary system is based on blood relationship, while abdication is based on the talents of the candidates - it is the family and the world.

8. Causes of destruction: tyranny and excessive debauchery

Extensive construction projects and exploitation of the people

The emergence and development of early states PPT, part 2: Shang Tang destroyed Xia

1. In 1600 BC, Tang established the Shang Dynasty and made Bo (bó) its capital.

2. The prosperity of the Shang Dynasty: Tang appointed talented people to develop agriculture, handicrafts and commerce, so that the economy developed and people's lives were stable.

3. Pan Geng moved the capital: Yin

4. The last king: Zhou (tyrant)

Zhou was talented and knowledgeable, and extremely powerful. He had the power to pull down nine oxen, and had the power to caress the beams and pillars. He was deeply favored by Emperor Yi. However, Zhou was extravagant, seeking pleasure all day long, and also liked to use torture. Legend has it that "using wine as a pond", "hanging flesh as a forest", and "torture with cannons" are all manifestations of Zhou's cruelty and decadence. Zhou's atrocities eventually aroused dissatisfaction and resistance among the people.

The emergence and development of early states PPT, the third part: King Wu defeated Zhou

1. Date of establishment: 1046 BC

2. Founder: King Wu of Zhou

3. Capital: Haojing (today’s Xi’an)

4. Battle: Battle of Makino

The emergence and development of early states PPT, Part 4: The enfeoffment system of the Western Zhou Dynasty

1. Enfeoffment system:

Purpose: Stabilize the political situation in the early Zhou Dynasty and consolidate the territory.

Target: The descendants of Zhou kings, relatives, heroes and some emperors.

Content: ① The king of Zhou enfeoffed clan members and meritorious officials to various places based on their blood relationship and merit, granted them the power to manage the land and people, and established vassal states;

②The princes have greater independence, but they need to pay tribute to the King of Zhou and obey the King of Zhou to mobilize troops. The enfeoffed person can subdivide the enfeoffment within his own fiefdom.

Essence: Established the social hierarchy system of the Zhou Dynasty’s emperor, princes, ministers, officials, and scholars.

The function of the enfeoffment system was to ensure the Zhou Dynasty's control over local areas, stabilize the political situation, and expand the scope of its rule.

2. The fall of the Western Zhou Dynasty

Background: ① In 841 BC, King Li of Zhou Dynasty competed with the people for profit, causing a "citizen riot" and King Li fled.

②By the time of King You of Zhou Dynasty, the government was corrupt and various social conflicts intensified.

Destruction: In 771 BC, the Western Zhou Dynasty was destroyed by the Quanrong tribe.

3. King Ping of Zhou moved eastward to Luoyi, which was known as the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in history.

In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, in order to consolidate the Zhou Dynasty's long-term rule over the country, the Emperor of Zhou granted nobles with the same surname and heroes with different surnames as princes. The ennobled princes must obey the orders of the Emperor of Zhou, meet the Emperor regularly, pay tribute to the Emperor, and assume the obligation to lead troops to fight with the Emperor.

The emergence and development of early states PPT, Part 5: Class discussion

Discussion: Summarize the common reasons for the demise of the Xia, Shang, and Western Three Dynasties. What lessons can we draw from this?

(1) A king who is dissolute and tyrannical will be abandoned by the people.

(2) Rulers should be diligent in political affairs and care for the people. Policies should be in line with the people's wishes. They should employ people based on their talents and accept suggestions.

Moral support from many, scant support.

Keywords: free download of history PPT courseware for the seventh grade of the People's Education Press, Volume 1, PPT download of the emergence and development of early countries, .PPT format;

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Update Time: 2024-09-30

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