"The Great Integration of Nationalities in the North" PPT courseware on separation of political power and ethnic integration

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"The Great Integration of Nationalities in the North" PPT courseware on separation of political power and ethnic integration

In the lyrics of "Ben Lan Ci", "I saw the military post last night, the Khan ordered his troops." It can be seen that Mulan is not a Han woman, but a girl from a Xianbei family who settled in the Central Plains.

From the lyrics of "Ben Lan Ci": "Chirp again chirp, Mulan is weaving at home", it can be seen that Mulan's family has been deeply Chinese. Like other Han girls, she often sits next to the loom and weaves.

At the end of "Ben Lan Ci", "Two rabbits are walking together on the ground, An Neng can tell whether I am male or female" to express the heroic spirit of Xianbei women who dare to compete with men.

The Chile people use the dome-shaped felt tent as a metaphor for the sky on the grassland, praising the scenery of "wind-blown grass and low view of cattle and sheep". This aesthetic taste is closely related to their way of life. Qionglu is the mobile home of nomadic dissidents. Cattle, sheep and pasture are their sources of food and clothing. They have very deep feelings for these things related to their lives and destiny. So we say that when they sing about the grassland and the cattle and sheep, they are praising their hometown and praising life.

Wang Meng: a minister of the former Qin Dynasty during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, with the courtesy name Jinglue. He was born into poverty. When Huan Wen attacked the former Qin Dynasty and entered Guanzhong, he went to see him, picked up lice and talked about the general situation of the world. Later he became Fu Jian's counselor. He rectified government affairs, suppressed nobles who did not abide by laws, strengthened centralization of power, and paid attention to agricultural production to increase fiscal revenue and consolidate feudal rule. In 370, he unified his troops to destroy Qian Yan and stayed in Jizhou. When he was critically ill in 375, he believed that there was no opportunity for the Eastern Jin Dynasty to take advantage of him, and suggested that Fu Jian should not attack the Jin Dynasty, but he was not adopted.

Xie An: A politician of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, his courtesy name was Anshi and he was born into a noble family. During the reign of Emperor Xiaowu, he became the prime minister. At that time, the former Qin Dynasty was strong and conquered Liang, Yi, Fan and other places. He appointed his younger brother Shi and his nephew Xuan as generals to strengthen the defense. In 383, when the former Qin army went south and was hit by a great earthquake in Jiangdong, he resisted and won the Battle of Feishui and recovered many lost lands. When Sima Daozi of Kuaiji was in power and squeezed out the Xie family, he returned to Beijing from Guangling and died of illness soon after.

What kind of nation are the Xianbei people?

They initially moved around the eastern foothills of the northern end of the Daxingan Mountains and lived a nomadic life. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Tuoba tribe began to become strong, but it was sometimes strong and sometimes weak. It was not until Shi Yiqian came to the throne in 338 that the situation improved. Shi Yiqian once served as a "proton" and lived in Later Zhao Xiangguo (now Xingtai, Hebei) for ten years, and was deeply influenced by Han culture. During his reign, the Tuoba tribe began to enter a class society. At this time, in 376, Fu Jian conquered the Tuoba tribe. In 383 AD, the Battle of Feishui caused the collapse of the rule of the former Qin Dynasty. In 386, Tuoba, the direct grandson of Shi Yijian, proclaimed himself king in Shengle and rebuilt the Dai Kingdom with the support of the chiefs of various tribes. In the same year, the country's name was changed to Wei, and it was called Northern Wei in history. At this time, northern China was full of political power, and it was an era of the weak and the strong. Therefore, in its early days, the Northern Wei Dynasty made various efforts for survival and development. In 398, Tuoba officially proclaimed himself emperor and became the most powerful country in the north.

How did it unify the Yellow River Basin?

In the process of conquering the Central Plains, the Northern Wei Dynasty began to pay attention to absorbing Han landowners into political power. Famous Han tycoons such as Zhang Gun of Shanggu and Cui Xuanbo of Qinghe became Tuoba's effective advisers. Cui Xuanbo's son Cui Hao was even more favored for a while. After Tuoba Tao came to the throne, with the support of the Han landlord bureaucrat Cui Hao and the Taoist leader Kou Qianzhi, he formulated the outline of the country's governance of "Later culture before martial arts, so as to become a true king of peace", and carried out some preliminary reforms of Sinicization. The national power of the Northern Wei Dynasty further increased, and by 439, the northern region was completely unified.

What is the significance of its unity?

Since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, northern ethnic minorities have gradually moved inland to the Central Plains. They have lived together with the Han people in the Yellow River Basin for a long time and influenced each other. Ethnic differences have gradually blurred, ethnic boundaries have become increasingly narrow, and a trend of ethnic integration has emerged.

In the trend of ethnic integration in the north, if you were Emperor Xiaowen, what would you think and what would you do?

A. "Those who follow the trend will prosper, and those who go against the trend will perish." I will follow the trend and take measures to Chineseize it to eliminate ethnic barriers and promote ethnic unity, thereby stabilizing my political power.

B. The Han culture is more advanced than ours and has a lot to learn from. Didn’t my grandmother, Queen Mother Feng, learn many of her reform measures from the Han people? Only by learning from the Han people can we promote our own development. On the contrary, if we are short-sighted, conservative in thinking, and stagnant, won't our nation become increasingly backward?

C. Xianbei people are still very backward in terms of living customs and etiquette systems. Only by changing the backward customs of our nation and learning from the Han people can we strengthen our ties with the Han people, promote harmonious coexistence among the ethnic groups, and consolidate our political power.

D. I want to change customs, absorb the culture of the Central Plains, use the advanced etiquette culture of the Han people to govern the country, and become a person who can make a difference.

The reasons why Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital to Luoyang are:

A. ①Pingcheng is located in the northeast of present-day Datong, Shanxi Province. It is located in the north, with mountainous terrain, arid climate, and low temperature, which is not conducive to the growth of crops. Therefore, the food produced cannot meet the needs of the large population of the capital and is not suitable for large-scale construction. The capital of the dynasty; ② Luoyang was once the ancient capital of the dynasty. It has superior geographical conditions and pleasant climate. It is the political, economic and cultural center of the Yellow River Basin. The surrounding areas have developed agriculture and prosperous cities. It has a foundation for development and is an ideal place to build a capital. (Looking from the geographical environment)

B. ① Pingcheng is located in the north, which is not conducive to the Northern Wei's rule over the vast area of ​​the Central Plains. ② After moving the capital to Luoyang, it was helpful for the Northern Wei Dynasty to strengthen its rule over the vast areas of the Central Plains. (from the perspective of consolidating political power)

C. ① Pingcheng is located in the north, which is not conducive for the Xianbei regime to learn and accept the advanced culture (feudal culture) of the Han people. ② Being in Luoyang is conducive to strengthening ties with the Han landowners in the Yellow River Basin, and is conducive to further learning and accepting the advanced culture of the Han people. (from the perspective of national integration)

Reforms of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty

1. Social background:

(1) In 439, the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the Yellow River Basin

(2) People of all ethnic groups live together and influence each other, and there is a trend of ethnic integration.

2. Reform content

(1) Implement a salary system and strictly prohibit corruption

(2) Allocate land to farmers and tax them

(3) Move the capital to Luoyang

(4) Sinicization policy

3. Historical role

(1) Conducive to the recovery and development of the northern economy

(2) Accelerated the process of feudalization of various ethnic groups in the north

(3) Promoted the great integration of northern ethnic groups

practice

1. The time when the Battle of Feishui broke out is ( )

A 208 BC B 383 BC C 383 AD D 208 AD

2. The two warring parties in the Battle of Feishui were ( )

A. Pre-Qin and Eastern Jin B. Wei and Shu C. Western Jin and Eastern Jin D. Shu and Wei

3. The Northern Wei Dynasty was a political power established by which of the following ethnic minorities: ( )

A Jie B Xianbei C Di D Xiongnu

4. The following wars between ethnic groups are ( )

A. Battle of Feishui B. Battle of Julu C. Battle of Changping D. Battle of Chengpu

5. The following are some of the things the rulers of the Sixteen Kingdoms and Northern Dynasties did

(1) Reuse Han counselor Wang Meng (2) Require officials to receive quarterly salaries

(3) Move the capital from Pingcheng to Luoyang (4) Request to adopt Chinese surnames

(5) Promote intermarriage with Han people (6) Demand the popularization of Chinese language

Among the reform measures taken by Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty after he took office are ( )

A. (3) (4) (5) (6) B. (1) (2) (4) (6)

C. (1) (2) (3) (4) D. (1) (3) (5) (6)

6. The following contents belong to the historical role of Emperor Xiaowen’s reforms in the Northern Wei Dynasty: ( )

① Accelerated the feudalization process of various ethnic groups in the north ② Promoted the integration of the northern ethnic groups ③ Enhanced the country's military strength ④ Made farmers' production and life relatively stable, and the economy of the north has been restored and developed

A①② B①②③ C①②④ D①②③④

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Update Time: 2024-09-03

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