"Development and Changes of Socialist Countries" New changes in the world in the second half of the 20th century PPT

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"Development and Changes of Socialist Countries" New changes in the world in the second half of the 20th century PPT

Part One: Independent preview and exploration of new knowledge

Knowledge point 1: The development, reform and disintegration of the Soviet Union

1. develop

(1)Achievements

①The atomic bomb and ____ were exploded.

②People’s education and living standards have also been greatly improved.

(2) Question: The Soviet Union’s policy of giving priority to the development of ____ has not changed, and the backwardness of agriculture and light industry has not changed.

2. reform

(1) Khrushchev’s reforms

①Content: Redress unjust, false and wrongful cases, emphasize collective leadership, and reform the cadre system; increase agricultural investment and change the compulsory sales system of agricultural products to ____; reform the industrial management system; break the personality worship of Stalin.

② Result: a. These reforms have injected some ____ elements and achieved some results. The reform promoted the development of agriculture, and the area of ​​cultivated land and grain production increased. However, the reform did not break through the planned economic system, and the proportions of the national economy were still seriously imbalanced.

b. It broke the personality cult of Stalin, but did not make a comprehensive analysis of Stalin's merits and demerits, resulting in serious sequelae.

(2) Brezhnev’s reforms

① Early stage: Implement the "____" reform in the industrial field, expand corporate autonomy, and use economic levers such as bonuses to promote companies to improve management and increase efficiency. However, the reform is only a patchwork of the traditional system and has limited effect.

② Later stage: Keen to establish personal superstition, ____ becomes increasingly serious; various tasks lack vitality, social contradictions abound, and development is slow.

(3) Gorbachev’s reforms

①Economic field: Recognizing the role of ____ in the socialist economy has had little effect.

②Political field: Eliminate the leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, abandon the socialist system and implement parliamentary system, presidential system and ____, abandon Marxist guidance ideologically, and implement "diversity", causing ideological confusion and the rise of national separatism.

3． disintegration

(1) In 1990, ____ took the lead in becoming independent.

(2) Russia issued a declaration of sovereignty, and other republics followed suit.

(3) On August 19, 1991, several Soviet leaders launched a coup in an attempt to prevent the Soviet Union from splitting, but failed quickly.

(4) On December 26 of the same year, the Soviet Union collapsed.

The development and changes of socialist countries PPT, part 2: cooperative exploration to overcome difficult problems

The shortcomings and lessons of Soviet economic reform after World War II

Historical Material 1: The reorganization of the economic management system carried out by Khrushchev was the beginning of the post-war Soviet economic system reform and had an important impact on the subsequent Soviet economic system reform and the development of the entire national economy. It should be recognized that Khrushchev was a pioneer in reforming the socialist economic system. His courage to break through old patterns and explore new paths is a commendable spirit in itself. However, after all, he was bound by historical limitations and lacked a comprehensive and profound understanding of the shortcomings of the traditional socialist economic model and the laws of socialist economics. Therefore, it was impossible to produce mature reform theories and ideas.

——"History of Soviet Economic System Reform"

Historical Data 2: He played with the country like a housewife playing with cabbage. He thought that as long as he peeled off the rotten leaves on the outside, there would be good intentions inside. He kept peeling them off until they were all gone.

——A Soviet magazine editor satirized Gorbachev

Someone once said vividly: "The scalpel of Gorgon's reforms was not swung at the tumor on the Party's body, but at the Party's neck."

[Thinking]

(1) How does Historical Material 1 view Khrushchev’s reforms?

(2) How does historical data 2 view Gorbachev’s reforms?

[Interpretation]

(1) "But" as a turning word, divides the historical data into two layers, admitting that Khrushchev was a reformer, but also a failure of reform.

(2) In the second historical document, "Peel off the rotten leaves on the outside, and you will find the good intentions inside", "Peel off all the leaves", "Tumor" and "Waving towards the neck of the Party" vividly illustrate the failure of Gorbachev's reforms. .

Shortcomings and Experience Lessons of the Post-war Soviet Reform

(1) Shortcomings: Khrushchev’s total negation of Stalin was conducive to promoting the reform of Stalin’s rigid model, but it also caused people’s ideological confusion and increased resistance to reform; Brezhnev announced that the Soviet Union had become a “developed country” The "socialist" approach ignored the full understanding of economic difficulties and hindered the reform process; Gorbachev's macroeconomic decision-making for economic reform lacked specific and feasible supporting measures, and there were many obstacles in the reform, and he turned to the reform of the political system too quickly , causing the domestic situation to gradually get out of control.

(2) Experience and lessons: The reform of a socialist country must properly handle the relationship between policy, development, and stability; socialist reform must follow the path of reform and opening up and suit the national conditions; socialist reform must be based on the development of socialist productive forces. purpose.

The development and changes of socialist countries PPT, the third part of the content: meeting the standards in class and solidifying the two bases

1. Khrushchev gradually reformed the system in which farmers were obliged to sell agricultural products, and finally abolished this system in 1958. The new method stipulated that the state should use a unified method to purchase agricultural and sideline products from collective farms. This approach()

A． Breaking through the "Stalin model" B. Taking into account the actual economic development of the Soviet Union

C． Provide more funds to industry D. Expanded autonomy of collective farms

2. In 1971, the Soviet government said in its report on the Five-Year Plan: "The commodity-currency relationship has a new, socialist content in our country. Of course, we must refute those who advocate replacing the leading role of state centralized planning with market regulation. Various erroneous views" This shows that the Soviet government tried to ()

A． Encourage the development of private enterprise B. Reduce administrative intervention in enterprises

C． Product prices are determined by the market D. Abolition of mandatory schemes for businesses

3． Someone once vividly said that Gorbachev "swung the scalpel of reform not at the tumor on the party's body, but at the neck of the party." This essentially reveals ()

A． Gorbachev's reforms directly led to the collapse of the Soviet Union

B． The highly centralized political and economic system of the Soviet Union became increasingly rigid

C． Gorbachev's reforms departed from scientific socialism

D． Gorbachev's reforms sought to break through the Soviet model

4. In 1992, Deng Xiaoping said: "In a certain sense, some kind of temporary restoration is also an inevitable regular phenomenon. Some countries have experienced serious setbacks, and socialism seems to have been weakened, but the people have been tempered and learned lessons from it, which will promote Socialism is developing in a healthier direction. "The international background of the above conversation is ().

A． Dramatic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union B. The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union gradually escalated

C． The formation of a multipolar pattern D. The rapid rise of the third world

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Update Time: 2024-10-05

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