"The Cold War and the Evolution of the International Pattern" New Changes in the World in the Second Half of the 20th Century PPT

Description

"The Cold War and the Evolution of the International Pattern" New Changes in the World in the Second Half of the 20th Century PPT

Part One: Learning Objectives

By understanding the changes in capitalism, socialism and third world countries after World War II, we can understand the achievements and problems in their development; by understanding the typical events during the Cold War, we can understand the basic characteristics of the Cold War and understand the occurrence and development of the Cold War. interactions with changes in the world landscape.

Core competency docking

concept of time and space

In the early days after World War II, capitalist countries strengthened macro-control and developed welfare systems; Khrushchev carried out reforms; national independence movements in Asia, Africa and Latin America surged; the third scientific and technological revolution unfolded, and a bipolar pattern was formed.

In the 1970s, the capitalist economy experienced "stagflation", reducing intervention and welfare expenditures; economic development in Asian, African and Latin American countries; Gorbachev's reforms; and the emergence of multi-polar trends.

In the 1990s, the Soviet Union collapsed, the bipolar structure collapsed, and the trend of multipolarity intensified; in 1997, the Asian financial crisis occurred.

Historical evidence: the manifestations of new changes in capitalist countries; the reform measures taken by Soviet leaders; the manifestations of the national independence movements in Asia, Africa and Latin America after World War II, the achievements of economic development in Asia, Africa and Latin America; the manifestations of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union.

Historical interpretation Understand the essence of new changes in capitalism after World War II; understand the relationship between Soviet reform and the disintegration of the Soviet Union after World War II; understand the meaning and manifestations of the Cold War.

Historical materialism: Know that the new changes in capitalism after World War II are partial adjustments to capitalist production relations; dialectically understand the impact of the Cold War and the reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Feelings of family and country: Establish awareness of adjustment, reform, and innovation, firmly adhere to the socialist path, and cultivate four self-confidences.

The Cold War and the Evolution of the International Pattern PPT, Part 2: Independent Preview to Explore New Knowledge

Knowledge Point 1: Cold War and Bipolarity

1. cold war

(1) Meaning: The Cold War refers to the long-term and non-peaceful confrontation and competition between the two major groups headed by the United States and the Soviet Union from the mid-to-late 1940s to the late 1980s and early 1990s.

(2) Reason

① After the end of World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union, two superpowers with completely different social systems, eliminated the common enemy of fascism, and the foundation of _____ no longer existed.

②The national interests of the United States and the Soviet Union were in serious conflict, and their ideologies were also sharply opposed.

③The United States is expanding globally and regards socialist _____ as the biggest obstacle to its establishment of world hegemony.

④After the war, the Soviet Union hoped to have a favorable international environment to restore its economy and develop socialism.

(3) Outbreak: Shortly after the end of World War II, the United States, under the banner of opposing "_____", implemented containment policies and hostile actions against the Soviet Union, taking the lead in provoking the Cold War. The Soviet Union struck back.

2. The formation of a bipolar pattern

(1) Politically

① United States: In March 1947, Truman delivered a speech known as the "_____" speech, announcing that the world had been divided into two opposing camps and that the United States would support all countries that opposed communism. This speech was a symbol of the United States' Cold War against the Soviet Union.

②Soviet Union: In response to the challenge from the United States, in September of the same year, the Soviet Union, Poland and other Eastern European countries established __________, announcing that the world had been divided into two camps of mutual hostility and struggle: imperialism and anti-imperialism.

(2) Economically

①The United States: Implemented __________ to consolidate the capitalist system in Western Europe.

②The Soviet Union: established __________ with Eastern European countries, forming an economic system dominated by the Soviet planned economy model.

(3)Military

① United States: In April 1949, the United States, Britain, France and other countries established the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, referred to as "_____".

②Soviet Union: Established the Warsaw Pact, which included the Democratic Republic of Germany and other Eastern European countries, referred to as "_____".

(4) Geopolitics: The first Berlin Crisis directly led to the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic in 1949, _____.

The Cold War and the Evolution of the International Pattern PPT, Part Three: Cooperation to Explore and Overcome Difficulties

Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan

Historical Data 1 Today’s world is facing a serious situation... Almost all countries must choose one of two ways of life... The seeds of totalitarian politics... spread and grow in the bad soil of poverty and struggle. Great responsibilities and tasks fall on us.

——Truman’s speech to the U.S. Congress in 1947

Historical Data 2: It is only logical that we should do everything we can to help the world return to a normal economic state. Otherwise there can be no stable politics and guaranteed peace. … The purpose of our policy is to restore functioning economic institutions to the world so that the political and social conditions on which free institutions can exist can emerge.

——Marshall’s speech at Harvard University in June 1947

Historical Material 3: The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan are two halves of a walnut.

[Thinking]

(1) What do the “two lifestyles” in Historical Material 1 refer to? What does "great responsibilities and tasks fall on us" indicate the goal of U.S. foreign policy?

(2) What does Marshall mean by "helping the world return to a normal economic state" in Historical Material 2? What is the “liberal system” he refers to?

(3) From the perspective of purpose, how to understand the historical information reflected in historical data three.

[Interpretation]

(1) Pay attention to the source of historical material 1 and summarize it based on the relevant historical facts of the Truman Doctrine.

(2) Contact the information prompt "Marshall" in the second source of historical materials, and answer the question based on the content and purpose of the Marshall Plan.

(3) The key information in historical material three is the last half sentence, which extracts the hidden historical information from the essence of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan.

[Try to answer]

(1) Method: socialism and capitalism. Goal: Contain socialism and dominate the world.

(2)Meaning: Help Europe recover its economy after the war. System: Capitalist system.

(3) The purpose of both is the same, and they both serve the United States to contain the Soviet Union and dominate the world by supporting and controlling Western European capitalist countries.

Truman Doctrine vs. Marshall Plan

(1) Similarities

① Background: They all appeared in the early days after World War II, when the United States and the Soviet Union moved from a wartime alliance to confrontation.

②Essence: The two are essentially the same. They are both intended to contain socialist countries such as the Soviet Union, stabilize the capitalist ruling order, and establish and consolidate the hegemony of the United States.

The Cold War and the Evolution of the International Situation PPT, Part 4: Complying with Standards and Consolidating Bases in Court

1. In the early days after World War II, U.S. President Truman, who was at his peak, declared: "The whole world should adopt the American system" and "Whether we like it or not, the future world pattern will depend on us." Truman’s above remarks reflect ()

A． The United States demands hegemony in the world anti-fascist alliance

B． World War II made the United States the strongest military power in the world

C． As its strength increases, the United States’ ambitions for external expansion are increasingly expanding.

D． The United States wants to establish its new position in the world based on strength

2. In response to the widespread economic difficulties in European countries after World War II, the United States proposed ()

A． Truman Doctrine b. Marshall Plan

C． Establish a committee for mutual economic assistance D. Establishment of the European Community

3． A certain treaty has the following text: "Considering that... a new military bloc such as the 'Western European Union', which is participating in the re-militarization of West Germany... will deepen the danger of war... Decided to conclude this friendly cooperation and mutual assistance Treaty. "The signing of the treaty ()

A． Promote the initial formation of the socialist camp

B． Outline the basic outline of the bipolar pattern

C． It marked the formation of a bipolar confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union.

D． Marked the official beginning of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union

4. In 1950, the French Foreign Minister issued a statement saying, “The French government proposes to place the coal and steel production of France and Germany under the management of a common high-level agency, which will be open to other European countries at the same time.” The Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany also said that the plan "is a magnanimous step taken by France and its Foreign Minister Schumann on German and European issues." This indicates()

A． France and Germany both tend to unite

B． The contradiction between France and Germany has been completely eliminated

C． France and Germany used this to compete with the United States and the Soviet Union

D． France and Germany escape U.S. control

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Update Time: 2024-09-23

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