"End of Chapter Review" Quality and Density PPT

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"End of Chapter Review" Quality and Density PPT

Part One: Breakthrough of Core Points

1. Quality

1. quality

(1)Definition: The ___________ contained in an object is called mass, represented by the letter ____. Mass is a kind of _____ of the object itself. For a given object, its mass is fixed and does not change with changes in the ______, ______ and ______ of the object.

(2) Unit: The international unit is _____, and the unit symbol is ____. 1 kg=_____g, 1 mg=______g=_____kg, 1 t=____kg.

(3) Common values: the mass of a 1 yuan coin is about 6 g; the mass of an apple is about 150 g; the mass of an egg is about 50 g; the mass of a roast chicken is about 2 kg; the mass of a junior high school student is about 50 kg.

2. Measurement of quality

(1) Laboratory measurement tools: ________.

(2)Use of balance

①Look: Observe _____ and _____ on the scale.

②Place: Place the balance on the horizontal platform; set the scale to the _________ position at the left end of the ruler.

③Adjustment: Adjust the __________ on the beam so that the pointer points to the scale line in the center of the indexing plate.

④Measurement: Place ______ on the left pan, use ______ to pan ________ to the right, and finally adjust _____ to rebalance the beam.

⑤Reading: The total mass of the weights in the right plate plus the scale value corresponding to the wandering code is the mass of the object being measured.

2. Density

3. Explore: The relationship between mass and volume of matter

(1)Experimental design

① Explore the relationship between mass and volume of the same substance

Keep _________ unchanged, change___________, and measure the mass of the substance.

② Explore the relationship between mass and volume of different substances

Change _________ to compare the mass and corresponding volume of different substances and find the ratio.

(2)Experimental conclusion

①The mass and volume of the same substance are ____.

②The ratio of mass to volume of different substances is generally different.

4. density

(1) Definition: The mass of an object composed of a certain substance and its volume _____ are called the density of the substance, represented by the symbol ___.

(2)Formula:_______.

(3) Unit: The international unit is _____________, the symbol is ________,

1 g/cm3=____kg/m3.

(4) Understanding: ① Density is a kind of _____ of matter. The density of the same substance under a certain state and temperature is _____. It does not change with changes in mass or volume. It cannot be said that density is directly proportional to mass and inversely proportional to volume. ②The density of the same substance (same state, same temperature) is constant, and the mass and volume are _____. ③For objects composed of different materials, when the volume is constant, the mass and density are _____. ④For objects composed of different materials, when the mass is constant, the volume and density are _____.

3. Measuring the density of a substance

5. Use of measuring cylinder

(1) Graduated cylinders are usually scaled in ________ units.

Unit conversion: 1 L = ____mL, 1 L = _____m3, 1 mL = _____cm3 = ______m3.

(2)How to use

① Recognition and selection: Before use, you must first recognize the ______ and ______ of the measuring cylinder, and select the appropriate measuring cylinder according to the object to be measured.

②Looking and reading: When using the measuring cylinder, place it on a horizontal table. Most of the liquid levels in the measuring cylinder are concave. When reading, the line of sight should be level with the _______ of the concave liquid surface.

6． Measuring the density of a liquid (salt water)

(1)Principle:______.

(2) Equipment: _____, beaker, _____, salt water.

(3)Expression: __________. (Use m1 to represent the total mass of the beaker and brine; use m2 to represent the total mass of the beaker and remaining brine; use V to represent the volume of poured out brine)

Review PPT at the end of the chapter, part 2: textbook picture display

Proposition point 1 Quality

As shown in Figure 6-F-1, when an object on the earth is brought into space, the amount of matter it contains changes (optional "yes" or "no"), so its mass _____ (optional "optional") "With" or "Without") changes. Mass is a kind of ______ of an object and does not change with changes in the shape, state, or _____ of the object.

Proposition point 2 Density and temperature

As shown in Figure 6-F-2, after the alcohol lamp is lit, the windmill above the alcohol lamp will rotate. This is because the flame of the alcohol lamp increases the temperature of the nearby air, expands its volume, and changes its density to ___, so the hot air ______ (optional "rise" or "fall") forms an airflow. When the airflow flows through the windmill, Turn the windmill.

Proposition 3 Abnormal expansion of water

Generally speaking, the higher the temperature of the same material, the smaller the density, that is, thermal expansion and contraction. However, water is different. Water shrinks with heat and expands with cold when it is between 0 and 4°C (as shown in Figure 6-F-3). This is known as The ________ called water. Water has the highest density at 4°C.

Review PPT at the end of the chapter, part three: reproduction of key experiments

Experiment 1: Measuring the density of salt water

(1)Principle:______.

(2) Equipment: balance, beaker, measuring cylinder, salt water.

(3) Steps: ① Use the adjusted balance to measure ____________________, recorded as m1;

②Pour part of the salt water in the beaker into the measuring cylinder and record the volume V; ③Use a balance to weigh the mass of _____________, record it as m2.

(4) Expression: ρ brine =______.

(5) Evaluation: If you first weigh the mass of the empty beaker, then weigh the total mass of the salt water and the beaker, and then pour all the salt water into the measuring cylinder to measure the volume, since the salt water in the beaker cannot be poured completely, the measured volume will be _____, so Density measurement _____.

Experiment 2: Measuring the density of small irregularly shaped stones

(1)Principle:______.

(2) Equipment: balance, measuring cylinder, water, small stones, thin wire.

(3) Steps: ① Use the adjusted balance to measure the _____ of the small stones, and record it as m; ② Pour an appropriate amount of water into the vector cylinder, and record the volume V1; ③ Tie the small stones with a thin string and tie them Gently put it into the measuring cylinder so that it ______ and record the volume V2.

(4) Expression: ρ stone =______.

(5) Evaluation: If the volume of the small stone is measured first and then the mass is measured, there will be liquid residue on the surface of the stone, causing the measured mass to be _____ and the measured density to be _____.

Review PPT at the end of the chapter, part 4: link to the real test questions of the high school entrance examination

►Type 1 Quality and its measurement

1. [2018·Zaozhuang] The factor that determines the mass of an object is ()

A． The amount of matter an object contains

B． shape of object

C. state of matter

D. The spatial location of the object

2. [2018·Baise] Xiao Ming used the adjusted balance to measure the mass of a glass of water. When the balance was rebalanced, the positions of the weights and sliders placed in the right plate on the scale are shown in Figure 6- As shown in F-4, the total mass of the cup and water is ()

A． 82.4g

B． 82.2g

C. 82.6g

D. 82.8g

3. [2017·Guigang] When using the balance, the balance should be placed on a horizontal platform. Before use, move ______ to the zero mark on the left end of the scale; when picking up and placing weights, you must use _ _____ Gripping.

4. [2018·Zigong] When studying mass, classmate Xiao Li had doubts about "the mass of an object does not change with the change of physical state". Please design an experiment using ice to prove that the mass of an object has nothing to do with the physical state. .

(1) When proving, the tool you choose to measure the mass of an object is ________.

(2) Briefly describe your proof method: put an appropriate amount of ice cubes into a clean beaker, then the mass of the ice cubes is m2-m1, measure the total mass m1 of the beaker and ice cubes; wait until all the ice cubes melt into After removing the water, use a towel to wipe off the water on the outer wall of the beaker, measure the total mass m2 of the water and the beaker again, and compare the sizes of m1 and m2.

►Type 2 Density and its calculation

5. 2018 Dalian cm3; Xiao Ming drank half of the carton of milk, and the density of the remaining half of the carton of milk is ________ kg/m3.

6． [2018·Yiyang] In order to measure the density of a certain alloy, use a balance to measure the mass of the alloy as shown in Figure 6-F-5. The mass of the alloy is _____g; if the volume of the alloy is 5 cm3, then its density is _____g/cm3.

7． [2018·Beibu Gulf] The relationship between the mass and volume of objects A and B is shown in Figure 6-F-6. Then the ratio of the densities of objects A and B is ()

A． 8:1 B. 4:3

C. 4:1 D． 2:1

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Update Time: 2024-11-22

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