"Chemical Synthetic Materials" Chemistry and Social Life PPT Courseware

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"Chemical Synthetic Materials" Chemistry and Social Life PPT Courseware

1. Common organic synthetic materials

Facts: Organic polymer compounds

Organic compounds are closely related to humans. The food we eat, the clothes we wear, the plastics we use in our daily lives, the rubber tires of bicycles and cars, the gasoline and diesel used for transportation, etc., are all organic compounds.

There is a class of organic compounds with very large molecular weights, usually called organic polymer compounds. Such as starch, cellulose, protein, natural rubber, etc. If they are not obtained naturally but are synthesized by artificial methods, they are called synthetic organic polymer compounds.

2. Organic compounds

small molecule organic compounds

Such as: methane, ethanol, glucose

Polymer organic compounds

Such as: starch, protein,

Organic polymer compounds made by chemical synthesis, referred to as polymer compounds: such as plastics, synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber

The formation of polymer compounds

Polyethylene molecules are polymer compounds composed of thousands of ethylene molecules.

Schematic diagram of polymer structure

Since most polymer compounds are polymerized from small molecules, they are often called polymers.

When small molecules are connected to form polymers, some form long chains, and some form chains into a network.

Synthetic and natural fiber blends

Synthetic fibers have high strength, good elasticity, wear resistance, and chemical corrosion resistance, but have poor water absorption and air permeability. Such as: polyester (reliable), nylon (nylon), acrylic (artificial wool), etc.

Synthetic fibers are often mixed with natural fibers to make clothes that are both comfortable and handsome.

[Thinking] What is "white pollution"? What's the harm of "white pollution"?

"White pollution": refers to environmental pollution caused by waste plastics.

The dangers of white pollution:

① Most plastics are difficult to degrade in the natural environment. Long-term accumulation will damage the soil, pollute groundwater, and endanger the survival of marine life;

② Moreover, if chlorine-containing plastics are burned, toxic hydrogen chloride gas will be produced, causing air pollution.

[Thinking] How to solve the "white pollution" problem?

① Reduce the use of unnecessary plastic products, such as using cloth bags instead of plastic bags.

②Reuse certain plastic products, such as plastic bags, plastic boxes, etc.

③ Use some new, degradable plastics, such as microbial degradable plastics and photodegradable plastics.

④Recycle various waste plastics.

4. Continuous emergence of new materials

1. Inorganic non-metallic materials

2. Composite materials:

(1) Reasonably compounding and embedding one kind of reinforcing material in another material can make the advantages of each material complementary and offset the disadvantages, thereby creating composite materials with special and excellent properties.

(2) Such as: fiberglass, carbon fiber composite materials, reinforced concrete, etc.

3. Nanomaterials:

(1) 1nm=1X10 m, which is a small unit of length.

(2) Nanomaterials such as nanoscale powders and fibers have become the forefront of current research and development of new materials.

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Update Time: 2024-10-04

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