"Chemical Fertilizer" Salt PPT Courseware 2

Description

"Chemical Fertilizer" Salt PPT Courseware 2

Classification of fertilizers

fertilizer

Organic fertilizer (farm fertilizer): made from human and animal feces, plant residues, etc.

chemical fertilizer

Chemical fertilizers are referred to as chemical fertilizers. A salt or other compound containing nutrients needed for crop growth that is artificially produced by chemical methods using minerals, water, air, etc. as raw materials.

1. Introduction to chemical fertilizers

Nutrients necessary for crop growth include C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, etc.

C, H, O crops get from air and water

Ca and Mg are obtained in soil

Crops most need to be supplemented with N, P and K

Self-study outline:

1. Understand the development history of chemical fertilizers?

Initially, fertilizers were natural organic fertilizers from human and animal feces and plant matter - made by chemical and physical methods and containing the nutrients needed by plants (chemical fertilizers)

2. Why do humans use chemical fertilizers?

Increase crop yield, yield increase rate reaches 30%-60%

3. What three elements do plants need most?

There are three elements: N, P and K. These three elements are called the three elements of fertilizer.

4. What are the main types of chemical fertilizers?

Four types of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and compound fertilizer

Common types and functions of chemical fertilizers

Nitrogen fertilizer: Fertilizer that only contains nitrogen (N) element among the three elements of fertilizer.

(1) Nitrogen fertilizer

Urea CO(NH2)2

Ammonia NH3·H2O

Ammonium salt:

Ammonium bicarbonate ammonium chloride NH4HCO3, NH4Cl

Nitrates:

Sodium nitrate NaNO3,

Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3, etc.

Nitrogen is a component element of proteins, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll in plants. Nitrogen fertilizer can promote the growth of plant stems and leaves, make the leaves dark green, and increase the protein content of plants.

Plant growth is retarded and leaves turn yellow, resulting in reduced crop quality.

(2) Phosphate fertilizer

Phosphate: Phosphate rock powder[Ca3(PO4)2]

Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (mixture),

superphosphate

[Mixture of Ca(H2PO4)2 (calcium dihydrogen phosphate) and CaSO4, etc.

Phosphorus is a component element of many important compounds in plants such as nucleic acids, proteins and enzymes. Phosphate fertilizer promotes the growth of crops, and a well-developed root system can enhance drought and cold resistance, promote early maturity of crops, increase the number of ears, and plump grains.

The plants are short, the leaves are dark green, and the yield is reduced. Excessive phosphorus causes late maturation and reduced fruit setting rate.

(3) Potassium fertilizer

Potassium sulfate

K2SO4

potassium chloride

KCl

potassium carbonate

K2CO3 etc.

Potassium is distributed in high amounts in organs and tissues with active plant metabolism, ensuring the smooth progress of various metabolic processes, promoting plant growth, and enhancing resistance to diseases, pests, and lodging.

The stems are weak and prone to lodging, and the edges and tips of the leaves turn brown and gradually scorch.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Fertilizers and Pesticides

profit

(1) The nutrient content in chemical fertilizers is high;

(2) Most chemical fertilizers are easily soluble in water and can be easily absorbed by crops when applied to the soil. The fertilizer effect is fast and significant;

(3) Pesticides quickly kill pests and ensure a bumper harvest.

Disadvantages

(1) Pollution of soil; heavy metals, toxic substances and radioactive substances in chemical fertilizers can cause soil acidification and degradation;

(2) Pollution of water sources; the use of chemical fertilizers will increase the nitrogen and phosphorus content in the water, leading to eutrophication of the water body;

(3) Pollution to the atmosphere; the use of chemical fertilizers will emit nitrogen compounds and sulfides into the air;

(4) Harm to human health; some ingredients in chemical fertilizers and pesticides will remain in fruits and vegetables and enter the human body, causing certain harm to health.

Feedback at any time

1. There is a proverb in the countryside: "Thunderstorms cause crops." This is because under discharge conditions, nitrogen and oxygen in the air combine to form nitrogen oxides. Nitrogen oxides undergo complex chemical changes and finally form nitrogen oxides that are easily damaged by crops. Absorbed nitrates. Thunderstorms inflicted damage on crops ( )

A.Potassium fertilizer B.Phosphate fertilizer C.Nitrogen fertilizer D.Compound fertilizer

2. The big cherry, known as the “first spring fruit”, has become a bright spot in Yantai’s agricultural economy. In order to prevent large cherries from cracking during the ripening period, fruit farmers often apply a potassium fertilizer. The aqueous solution of this potash fertilizer can react with the barium chloride solution to form a white precipitate that is insoluble in nitric acid. The potash fertilizer is ( )

A. Potassium nitrate B. Potassium carbonate C. Potassium sulfate D. Potassium chloride

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Update Time: 2024-10-04

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