"Specific Heat Capacity" Heat and Energy PPT Courseware 2

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"Specific Heat Capacity" Heat and Energy PPT Courseware 2

1. Specific heat capacity

1. Explore the ability of matter to absorb heat

think about it

Why do sand and seawater rise in temperature differently under the same sunlight conditions? Is it because sand and water are different substances?

Experiment preparation

(1) Compared to what? Who to compare with? How to compare?

(2) How to know which substance absorbs more heat?

(3) What data should be recorded?

1. Two identical beakers A and B are filled with water of the same temperature. A is half a cup and B is a full cup. They are heated to boiling with the same alcohol lamp. Which one takes the shorter time?

2. Two identical beakers A and B contain the same mass of water. A contains warm water and B contains cold water. They are heated to boiling with the same alcohol lamp. Which one takes the shorter time?

2. What is specific heat capacity

After scientific measurements, it was found that in general, different substances absorb different amounts of heat when their masses are equal and their temperature rises the same. This property of matter is represented by the physical quantity specific heat capacity.

The ratio of the heat absorbed by a certain mass of a substance when its temperature rises to the product of its mass and the rising temperature is called the specific heat capacity of the substance.

The specific heat capacity is represented by the symbol c, its unit is joules per kilogram, and the symbol is J/(kg · ℃).

Understand specific heat capacity

The specific heat capacity of water is: c water = 4.2×103 J/(kg · ℃)

The specific heat capacity of salad oil is: c oil = 1.97×103 J/(kg·℃)

Try to tell the physical meaning of the specific heat capacity of water:

The heat absorbed or released when the temperature of 1 kg of water increases or decreases by 1°C is 4.2×103 J.

3. Use the knowledge of specific heat capacity to explain some phenomena

Kunming, also known as Spring City, is the capital of Yunnan Province. Surrounding Kunming, Dianchi Lake is now about 40 kilometers long from north to south and 8 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of ​​300 square kilometers. The lake shoreline is 163.2 kilometers long, with a maximum water depth of 10.4 meters and an average water depth of 4.4 meters. The climate there is pleasant and spring-like all year round, which is closely related to Dianchi Lake. Do you know why?

Speaking of summer sea breeze, did you know that the temperature on the land surface in coastal areas changes more significantly day and night than the temperature on the sea surface? The wind direction is often different during the day and at night. Do you know where the wind blows from during the day? What about night?

Reinforced concrete cities not only bring convenience to our lives, but also bring us many inconveniences. For example, in hot summer, the urban temperature is often 3 ℃ to 5 ℃ higher than that in the suburbs. This is the heat island effect. How should we deal with it?

2. Calculation of heat

Knowing that the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2×103 J/(kg · ℃), can you calculate the amount of heat that 0.4 kg of water needs to absorb when its temperature rises from 20 ℃ to 70 ℃ based on its physical meaning?

1. Regarding specific heat capacity, which of the following statements is correct ( )

A． The higher the temperature, the greater the specific heat capacity

B． The more heat a substance releases, the greater its specific heat capacity

C. The greater the mass of a substance, the smaller its specific heat capacity

D. The specific heat capacity of a substance is independent of mass and temperature

2. Among the following four phenomena, the one that has a great relationship with the specific heat capacity of water is ( )

A． Car engines are cooled by circulating water

B． Hot water is often used for heating in daily life

C. Sprinkling water to cool down in summer

D. The temperature difference in tidal flats and wetlands is small

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Update Time: 2024-11-21

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