"Ethanol and Acetic Acid" Organic Compounds PPT Lesson (Lesson 1 Ethanol)

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"Ethanol and Acetic Acid" Organic Compounds PPT Lesson (Lesson 1 Ethanol)

Part One: Core Competency Development Goals

1. Master the molecular structure and chemical properties of ethanol, understand the concepts of hydrocarbon derivatives and functional groups, and cultivate "the concept of change and the idea of ​​balance."

2. Understand the application of ethanol in daily life and cultivate rigorous "scientific attitude and social responsibility".

3. Preliminarily learn how to analyze the relationship between functional groups (atomic groups) and properties, and cultivate the ability of "macroscopic identification and microscopic analysis".

Ethanol and acetic acid PPT, part 2: knowledge review

(1) Derivatives of hydrocarbons

1. Concept

A series of compounds produced by replacing ____________________ in hydrocarbon molecules with ____________________.

2.Examples

CH3CH2Cl, __________, CH3CH2OH, etc.

(2) Ethanol

1. The composition and structure of ethanol

2. Physical properties of ethanol

Ethanol and acetic acid PPT, part 3: determine whether it is true or false

(1) Ethane (CH3CH3) can be regarded as a product in which an H atom in the CH4 molecule is replaced by a methyl group (—CH3), so ethane is a derivative of hydrocarbon ()

Tips: Hydrocarbon derivatives refer to a series of compounds in which hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon molecules are replaced by other atoms or atomic groups. Other atoms or atomic groups cannot be atoms or atomic groups in the hydrocarbon structure.

(2) Ethanol can be regarded as a product in which the hydrogen atoms in the ethane molecule are replaced by hydroxide (OH-), so the ethanol aqueous solution should be alkaline ()

Tip: Ethanol is a derivative of hydrocarbons. It can be seen that a hydrogen atom in the CH3CH3 molecule is replaced by a neutral hydroxyl group (—OH) instead of a hydroxide (OH-). Therefore, ethanol is a non-electrolyte and the aqueous solution is neutral.

(3) The density of ethanol is less than that of water, so ethanol and water can be separated by liquid separation ()

Tip: Ethanol and water are miscible and cannot be separated by liquid separation.

(4) Ethanol is an excellent organic solvent that can dissolve many organic and inorganic substances ()

(5) The organic substance with the molecular formula C2H6O is not necessarily ethanol ()

3. Chemical properties of ethanol

(1) Experimental research

(2) The chemical equation of the reaction between ethanol and sodium: 2Na+2CH3CH2OH�→ 2CH3CH2ONa+H2↑.

(3) Oxidation reaction of ethanol

In conclusion

functional group

(1) Concept: Atoms or atomic groups that determine the characteristics of organic compounds.

(2) Functional groups of several common substances

4.Uses of ethanol

(1)Ethanol can be used as _______.

(2) It is an important chemical raw material and solvent.

(3) _______ (volume fraction) ethanol solution is used as a disinfectant in medical treatment.

Ethanol and Acetic Acid PPT, Part 4: Understanding Application

1. It is known that the density is ρ (water) > ρ (Na) > ρ (ethanol). Experiment to explore the reaction between metallic sodium and ethanol and answer the following questions.

(1) When ethanol reacts with sodium, does sodium float on the surface of ethanol or sink to the bottom of ethanol?

Answer: The sodium sinks to the bottom of the ethanol.

(2) Compared with the reaction between sodium and water, which reaction is more violent? What problem does it explain?

Answer: The reaction between sodium and water is more violent, indicating that the hydrogen atoms in the hydroxyl groups of ethanol are not as reactive as the hydrogen atoms in water molecules.

(3) When ethanol reacts with sodium and combines the structure of ethanol, what bond is broken in the molecule?

(4) How many liters of hydrogen gas is produced under standard conditions when 1 mol of ethanol reacts with a sufficient amount of sodium?

2. Combined with experimental phenomena, in the catalytic reaction of ethanol and oxygen

(1) Does the copper wire participate in the reaction in the experiment? What is the function of copper wire? Write the relevant chemical equation?

Ethanol and acetic acid PPT, Part 5: Tracking and reinforcement

1. Which of the following statements about ethanol is correct?

A. The ethanol molecule contains a methyl group, and the electronic formula of the methyl group is

B. The simplified structural formula of ethanol is C2H6O

C. The electronic formula of the hydroxyl group in the ethanol molecule is

D. The space filling model of ethanol molecules is

2. Which of the following statements about ethanol is incorrect?

A. The density of sodium is greater than that of ethanol. Ethanol can be used to preserve metallic sodium in the laboratory.

B. Anhydrous CuSO4 can be used to test whether industrial alcohol contains water.

C. Ethanol cannot extract bromine from bromine water

D. Commonly used distillation methods for separating ethanol and water

3. (2019·Shandong Liaocheng High School First Month Examination) A small piece of metallic sodium is put into a beaker containing ethanol. Which of the following descriptions of the experimental phenomenon is correct?

A. The sodium block sinks under the ethanol liquid surface B. The sodium block melts into small balls

C. The sodium block swims on the surface of ethanol. D. Add a few drops of phenolphthalein solution into the beaker and it turns red.

4. The various chemical bonds in the ethanol molecule are shown in the figure. The statement about the breaking of bonds by ethanol in various reactions is incorrect.

A. When reacting with metallic sodium, the ① bond is broken

B. The ① and ③ bonds are broken when reacting with O2 under copper-catalyzed co-heating.

C. The ① and ⑤ bonds are broken when reacting with O2 under copper catalysis and co-heating.

D. Broken ①②③④⑤ keys when completely burned in air

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Update Time: 2024-10-02

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