"Space Navigation" Gravity and Space Navigation PPT

Description

"Space Navigation" Gravity and Space Navigation PPT

Part One: Learning Objectives

1. Understand the relevant knowledge of artificial satellites;

2. Know the meaning of the three cosmic velocities and be able to deduce the first cosmic speed.

Space navigation PPT, part 2: introduction of new lesson

Thinking: How can objects on earth leave the earth for space navigation?

Think about it: At what speed should this object be thrown so that it will move around the surface of the earth and not fall down?

(It is known that G=6.67×10-11Nm2/kg2, the mass of the earth M=5.89×1024kg, the earth

Radius R=6400km, gravity acceleration on the earth’s surface g=9.8m/s2)

cosmic speed

1. The first cosmic speed

The speed at which an object moves in a uniform circular motion around the earth near the ground is called the first cosmic speed.

Thinking: 1. Compared with launching satellites into high orbits and launching low-Earth satellites, which one requires a higher launch speed? Why?

2. Compared with high-orbit satellites and low-Earth satellites, which one has a higher speed? Why?

Note: The launch speed and operating speed of artificial satellites are two different concepts.

Launch speed refers to the speed of the launched object when it leaves the ground

Operating speed refers to the linear speed of the satellite rotating around the earth in a stable orbit.

2. The second cosmic speed

When the object's speed is equal to or greater than 11.2km/s, it will overcome the earth's gravity and leave the earth forever. We call 11.2km/s the second cosmic speed.

3. The third cosmic speed

When the object's speed is equal to or greater than 16.7km/s, the object can break away from the gravitational pull of the sun and fly to the cosmic space outside the solar system. We call 16.7km/s the third cosmic speed.

Space Navigation PPT, Part 3: Frequently Asked Questions

Question Group 1 Analysis and Comparison of Satellite Operation Parameters

Question 1 [Multiple Choice] There are two artificial satellites A and B with the same mass, and their orbital radii are RA and RB respectively, RA:RB=1:4, then which of the following judgments is correct ()

A. The ratio of their running cycles TA:TB=1:8 B. The ratio of their running linear speeds vA:vB=4:1

C. The ratio of the centripetal forces they receive FA:FB =4:1 D. The ratio of their running angular velocities ωA:ωB=8:1

Question 2 [Multiple Choice] "Panax 5" performs uniform circular motion in an orbit at a height h from the surface of Saturn. It is known that the radius of Saturn is R, the gravitational acceleration on the surface of Saturn is g, and the gravitational constant is G, then ()

A. The period of "Pan 5" orbiting Saturn is

B. The orbiting speed of “Panax 5” is

C. The angular speed of “Panax 5” orbiting Saturn is

D. Gravity acceleration at the orbit of "Pan 5"

Question 3 The ratio of the periods of circular motion of two artificial satellites A and B around the earth is TA:TB=1:8, then the ratio of the orbital radius and the ratio of the operating speed are ()

A. rA∶rB=4∶1　vA∶vB=1∶2

B. rA∶rB=4∶1　vA∶vB=2∶1

C. rA∶rB=1∶4　vA∶vB=2∶1

D. rA∶rB=1∶4　vA∶vB=1∶2

Question 4 [Adapted from Question 1 of the 2019 Tianjin Volume] On December 8, 2018, the "Chang'e 4" probe, which shoulders the dream of hundreds of millions of Chinese people to explore the moon and fly into space, was successfully launched, "realizing the first human spacecraft to patrol the back of the moon. Exploration, taking the lead in carving China’s footprints on the back of the moon.” It is known that the mass of the moon is M, the radius is R, the mass of the detector is m, and the gravitational constant is G. When the "Chang'e-4" detector makes a uniform circular motion of radius r around the moon, the detector's ()

A. The period is B. The speed is

C. The angular velocity is D. The centripetal acceleration is

Space navigation PPT, part 4: content summary

three cosmic speeds

1. The first cosmic velocity v1=7.9km/s

2. The second cosmic velocity v2=11.2km/s

3. The third cosmic speed v3=16.7km/s

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Update Time: 2024-07-28

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