"Development and Utilization of Materials" Energy, Materials and Society PPT Courseware 2

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"Development and Utilization of Materials" Energy, Materials and Society PPT Courseware 2

1. Various materials

1. Refrigerator, color TV, washing machine

2. High-rise buildings, roads and bridges

3. Metal materials

4. Ceramic materials

5. Glass

6. Gemstones

7. Nanomaterials

8. Synthetic materials

2. Conductivity of materials

According to the conductive properties of the material: the material can be divided into

1. Conductor: a material that easily conducts electricity

2. Insulator: a material that does not conduct electricity easily

3. Semiconductor: a material whose electrical conductivity is between that of a conductor and an insulator.

3. Develop new materials

1. Superconducting materials

In order to create items that are of high quality, low cost, and have better performance, people are constantly researching materials that have better performance and are easier to manufacture.

One of the materials with better performance is called superconducting material

In 1911, while studying the change of mercury resistance with temperature, Onnis observed that when the test was reduced to 4.2K, the resistance of mercury suddenly dropped to a tiny value that could not be measured. This led to the discovery of superconductivity.

superconductor

(1) Superconductivity and superconductors: When the temperature drops to near absolute zero, the resistivity of some materials suddenly decreases to an unmeasurable level. It can be considered that the resistivity suddenly becomes zero. This phenomenon is called superconductivity. , substances that can produce superconducting phenomena are called superconductors.

(2) Transition temperature TC: The temperature at which the material changes from a normal state to a superconducting state is called the transition temperature of the superconducting material.

(3) Two basic characteristics of superconductors: zero resistance and diamagnetism

2. Nanomaterials

(1) Nano is a unit of length: 1nm=10-9m

(2) How small is 1nm? (The scale of 10 molecules tightly packed is about 1% of a hair)

(3) In addition to the small spatial scale of their basic units, nanomaterials also exhibit many special properties in terms of force, heat, sound, light, electricity, magnetism, etc.

Nano-clothes do not need to be washed, and “nano-water” can help you stay healthy... Since the 1990s, the cutting-edge technology in the laboratory, nanotechnology, has been suddenly brought to the public by the media. It is mysterious and exciting: What exactly is nanotechnology? "rice"? How was it "planted"? What impact will it have on our lives? What is the level of "nano planting" in Wuhan? With these questions in mind, our reporter visited some universities and scientific research institutions in Wuhan and invited scientists to unveil the veil of "nano".

What kind of rice is nanometer?

Recently, the nano research team of the School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering of China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) once again received an order for "nano sulfur" faxed by a beauty institution in Shenzhen. Last year, Dida developed "nano sulfur" for the first time in the world. Nano sulfur materials are used in facial masks, creams and other cosmetics, and are miraculous in treating seborrheic dermatitis, mites, acne, etc.

"Nano" is translated from the English "nanometer". It is not a special substance, but a unit of measurement. 1 nanometer is equal to one billionth of a meter, which is equivalent to one millionth the size of a needle tip, and is about as long as 45 atoms strung together. Nanotechnology refers to the assembly and creation of new substances with specific functions by directly manipulating single atoms and molecules within the nanometer size range. When the particles of matter are as small as 100 nanometers or less, the substance can be called nanomaterials. Its physical properties and chemical properties will undergo unexpected drastic changes compared with the original ones. These "dramatic changes" are unfolding in various fields such as biology, materials science, and information technology. They will have a significant impact on human life in the future.

Nano brings a better life

Recently, Singaporean scientists have made a breakthrough in using nanotechnology to treat cracked bones. In the experiment, experts created a crack of about 3 mm in the rat's foot bone, and then implanted a bone framework made of nanomaterials into the crack. As a result, the bone was successfully healed after 5 months. This is another successful application of nanotechnology in the medical field, but what kind of new life will "nano" bring to us?

Exercise 2

1. Which of the following statements about superconducting materials is incorrect ( )

A. Superconducting material is a material with zero resistance

B. Very thin superconducting wires can be used to transport powerful currents

C. The resistance of superconducting materials can only be close to zero and cannot be equal to zero.

D. When using superconducting materials to transmit electricity, there is no loss in the transmission circuit.

2. Which of the following statements about nanometers is wrong ( )

A. Nano is a unit of length, and its symbol is nm.

B. People have discovered many new phenomena at the nanoscale, which have brought many new developments to technology.

C. Nanotechnology is the forefront of modern science, and our country’s research in this area has reached the world’s advanced level.

D. All polymer technology products are related to nanotechnology

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Update Time: 2024-08-17

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