"Chemical Synthetic Materials" Modern Life and Chemistry PPT Courseware 2

Description

"Chemical Synthetic Materials" Modern Life and Chemistry PPT Courseware 2

learning target

1. Know the properties and uses of plastics, synthetic fibers, and synthetic rubber;

2. Be able to use simple experimental methods to distinguish fabrics woven from cotton fiber, wool fiber, and synthetic fiber (such as acrylic);

3. Understand the definition, hazards and treatment methods of white pollution;

4. Have a preliminary understanding of new materials and their applications in social production and life;

5. Understand inorganic non-metallic materials, nanomaterials, and composite materials.

1. Common organic synthetic materials

Modern people’s lives are inseparable from synthetic materials

They are all organic polymer compounds made through chemical synthesis using petrochemical products as the main raw materials, referred to as polymer compounds.

1. Plastic: The main component is synthetic resin

Synthetic resin is a polymer compound formed by the polymerization of many organic substances with small relative molecular weight.

For example: many ethylene molecules (C2H4) polymerize to form polyethylene

Since most polymer compounds are polymerized from small molecules, they are often called polymers. When small molecules are connected to form polymers, some form long chains, and some form chains into a network.

Classification of plastics - based on changes after heating

Thermoplastic - chain structure: It is thermoplastic and can be processed and used repeatedly. It can be used as plastic basins, plastic bags, etc.

Thermosetting plastic - mesh structure: It is thermosetting, that is, it will not melt by heat when formed, and can be used as electrical appliances, etc.

2. Rubber is divided into natural rubber and synthetic rubber.

Synthetic rubber: It is a type of particularly elastic polymer compound synthesized from low molecular substances, such as styrene-butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, etc.

Synthetic rubber has superior elasticity, wear resistance, insulation and other properties than natural rubber, and is widely used in the tire and shoe industries.

3. Fiber

natural fiber

Plant fiber (cellulose fiber) cotton, linen

Animal fiber (protein fiber) wool, silk

Chemical Fiber

man-made fiber

synthetic fiber

Synthetic fiber: It is a polymer material synthesized from certain low molecular substances through chemical reactions. Such as: nylon, polyester and artificial wool (polyacrylic acid), etc.

Synthetic fibers are wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and non-shrinking, but have poor moisture absorption and air permeability. Therefore, people blend synthetic fibers with natural fibers to create fabrics that have the advantages of both types of fibers.

2. The harm and treatment of white pollution

"White pollution" is an image term for the environmental pollution caused by refractory plastic waste (mostly plastic bags).

The dangers of “white pollution”:

(1) Destroy the soil structure, affecting the quality of cultivated land and the air permeability and water permeability of the soil;

(2) Cause chemical pollution;

(3) Affect the absorption of water and nutrients by crops, inhibit the growth and development of crops, and cause yield reduction;

(4) It is harmful to livestock. After livestock eats feed with mulch film, it will cause digestive tract diseases and even death.

To solve the problem of “white pollution”, we should start from the following aspects:

(1) Reduce the use of unnecessary plastic products, such as using cloth bags instead of plastic bags;

(2) Reuse certain plastic products such as plastic bags, plastic boxes, etc.;

(3) Classify and recycle various waste plastics;

(4) Use some new, degradable plastics, such as microbial degradable plastics and photodegradable plastics.

3. Continuous emergence of new materials

1. Inorganic non-metallic materials

2. Reasonably compounding and embedding one reinforcing material (such as fiber) in another material (such as synthetic resin) can make the advantages of each material complementary and offset the disadvantages, thereby creating composite materials with special and excellent properties. .

3. Nanometer (nm) is a unit of length, just like meters, micrometers and other units.

Nanomaterials refer to materials with at least one dimension of the three-dimensional space at the nanoscale (1-100nm). It is a new generation of materials composed of nanoparticles with sizes between atoms, molecules and macroscopic systems.

Features: When the size of particles is reduced to the nanometer level, it will lead to new characteristics of sound, light, electricity, magnetism, and thermal properties.

Classic examples

Knowledge point 1: Common organic synthetic materials

1. Using rubber to make car tires can reduce vibrations and bumps when the car is driving. This is because rubber has ( )

A. Better thermal conductivity

B． Better elasticity

C． greater density

D． greater hardness

Knowledge point 2: White pollution

1. In order to prevent "white pollution" caused by discarded plastics, the following practices are not advisable ( )

A. Recycle various waste plastics

B． Burn used plastic bags immediately

C． Use biodegradable plastic

D． Use cloth shopping bags instead of single-use plastic shopping bags

Knowledge point 3: New materials are emerging one after another

1. Which of the following are not composite materials ( )

A. FRP B. Rubber

C. Carbon fiber D. Resin fiber

Knowledge training

1. The picture shows part of a clothing label. Which of the following is correct ( )

A. Polyester is a natural fiber

B． Polyester is an organic polymer material

C． Cotton is a synthetic organic polymer material

D． Polyester and wool cannot be distinguished by burning method

2. Which of the following are polymer synthetic materials ( )

A. Natural rubber b. ceramics

C． Alloy D. synthetic fiber

3. Which of the following materials are synthetic materials ( )

A. Ceramics b. Motor vehicle tires

C． Cotton and linen fabrics D. Aluminum alloy

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Update Time: 2024-10-07

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Cantonese Education Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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