"Commonly Used Salts" Common Acids, Alkalis, and Salts PPT Courseware 3

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"Commonly Used Salts" Common Acids, Alkalis, and Salts PPT Courseware 3

Preview of new knowledge

1. Chemical properties of salt

Salt + metal → ______ + _________

CuSO4＋Fe==__________ +____

In the order of metal activity, the elemental metal must be ranked _______ next to the metal in the salt; the salt must be ______; _______ reaction

Salt + acid → ______ + ____

AgNO3＋HCl==_______＋_______

________reaction

Salt + alkali →_______ + ________

Na2CO3＋Ca(OH)2==________＋_______

Both salts and bases must _____; _______ reaction

salt+salt→______+_______

BaCl2＋Na2CO3==________＋________

Both salts must _____, and ______ will be produced after the reaction; _______ reaction

2. The essence of metathesis reaction

1. Conditions for the metathesis reaction to occur: the products include __________, ________ and ______, etc.

2. reaction rules

Acid + alkali → ____ + _____

One of the reactants is soluble

HCl＋NaOH==_______＋______

3HNO3＋Fe(OH)3==__________＋______

Alkali + salt → _____ + _______

The reactant is ________, one or all of the products is precipitation; ammonium salt reacts with alkali to generate ammonia gas

Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3==_________+_________

Ba(OH)2＋CuSO4==___________＋______________

NaOH+NH4Cl==NH3↑+H2O+NaCl

Interactive exploration

Explore point 1: Chemical properties of salt

[Scenario Display]Reaction of iron and copper sulfate solution:

[Question Research]In addition to reacting with metals, what other substances can salt react with? What similar chemical properties do salts have?

[Inductive improvement]Salt can react with metal elements, acids, bases, and salt substances, but it needs to be carried out under certain conditions.

[Application Example]

Example 1 Figure 8-4-3 shows that metathesis reactions can occur between acids, bases, and salts on the connecting line. Among the four groups of substances provided in the table below, the ones that meet the requirements in the figure are ()

[Method Instructions] Salt can react with metal elements, acids, bases, and salt substances.

Exploration Point 2: Determine whether the metathesis reaction can occur

[Scenario Display]Please predict whether the following reactions will occur?

[Question Research]What are the conditions for metathesis reaction and the solubility rules of acids, bases and salts?

[Inductive improvement]Metathesis reaction is a reaction in which two compounds exchange components with each other to generate two other compounds. Its characteristic is "double exchange, unchanged valence", that is, the two compounds exchange components with each other, and the valence of each element remains unchanged before and after the reaction.

Judging whether the metathesis reaction can occur mainly depends on two aspects: first, the reactants must be soluble in water or acid, and second, there must be precipitation, gas or water in the products. Therefore, it is necessary to memorize the solubility of common acids, bases, and salts.

[Expand] (1) Common types of metathesis reactions are: acid and metal oxide reaction, acid and alkali reaction, acid and salt reaction, alkali and salt reaction, salt and salt reaction.

(2) Solubility of acids, alkalis, and salts: ① Acids are generally soluble in water; ② Only NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2, and ammonia are soluble in water, and Ca(OH)2 is slightly soluble in water. Other alkali All are insoluble in water (only potassium, sodium, ammonium, calcium, and barium are soluble alkali); ③The solubility of salts has the following rules: potassium, sodium, and ammonium salts are all soluble, and nitrates leave no trace when exposed to water. Sulfate does not dissolve barium sulfate, and chloride does not dissolve silver chloride. Carbonates only dissolve potassium, sodium, and ammonium.

On-site testing

Knowledge point 1 Chemical properties of salt

1. The following solutions can react with copper sulfate, hydrochloric acid, and sodium carbonate solutions respectively, and produce different phenomena: ()

A． AgNO3 B. Ca(OH)2

C. H2SO4 D． NaOH

[ Analysis

2. There is a bag of white solid, which may be one or more of Na2CO3, Na2SO4, and NaOH. In order to explore the composition of the white solid, Xiaoke did the following experiment:

From this, it can be judged that the white solid must contain ______ and must not contain ______; the white precipitate produced in step ② is __________.

[ Analysis Barium carbonate; the white precipitate is all dissolved in dilute nitric acid, indicating that there is no barium sulfate, but barium carbonate. Then the original substance must contain sodium carbonate, must not contain sodium sulfate, and may contain sodium hydroxide.

Knowledge point 2: The essence of metathesis reaction

3. A group of ions that can coexist in large amounts in a solution with pH=14 is ()

A． Na+, K+, SO2-4 B. H+, Cu2+, SO2-4

C. Na+, NH+4, NO-3 D. Ca2+, NO-3, CO2-3

[Analysis] A A solution with a pH of 14 is alkaline, and the aqueous solution contains a large amount of OH-. The three in A do not react with each other and can coexist in alkaline solutions. In B, the two ions H+ and OH- can combine to form water, and the two ions Cu2+ and OH- can combine to form copper hydroxide precipitate, which cannot coexist in large amounts. The two ions NH+4 and OH- in C can combine to form ammonia gas and water, and cannot coexist in large amounts. The two ions Ca2+ and CO2-3 in D can combine to form calcium carbonate precipitation and cannot coexist in large amounts.

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For more information about the PPT courseware "Common Acid and Base Salts and Commonly Used Salts", please click the Common Acid and Base Salts ppt and Commonly Used Salts ppt tag.

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Update Time: 2024-10-02

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Cantonese Education Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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