"There should be a spirit of studying things to gain knowledge" PPT courseware 9

Description

"There should be a spirit of studying things to gain knowledge" PPT courseware 9

New course introduction

As we all know, the advantage of my country's basic education is that it focuses on the teaching of basic knowledge and basic skills, but the disadvantage is that it neglects to cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability. In the current society, these shortcomings can even be said to be fatal injuries, which often prevent our students from adapting to the needs of the times, which in turn affects the rejuvenation of the nation and the future of the country.

So, what should we do to avoid this situation of "high scores and low energy"? Let us listen to what Nobel Prize winner Mr. Ting Zhaozhong said.

learning target

1. Grasp the ideological content of the article, understand the true meaning of "investigating things to gain knowledge", and clarify the argumentation ideas of the article. (emphasis)

2. Summarize the central argument of the text and learn how to present facts and reason. (difficulty)

3. Feel the importance of the spirit of scientific experimentation, cultivate the spirit of studying things to gain knowledge, and the scientific quality of being willing to do hands-on experiments. (emphasis)

Author business card

Ting Zhaozhong, born in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1936, is a Chinese-American physicist whose ancestral home is Rizhao, Shandong. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1976. Honorary professor at the University of Science and Technology of China and expert on the academic committee of the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. His research direction is high-energy experimental particle physics.

background link

This article is selected from the 2nd issue of "Selected Prose" in 1999, with changes. This article is a speech written by the author when he was awarded the special honorary award for the "Love for China" essay by "Hope" weekly. Affected by traditional education, my country's basic education focuses too much on the training of basic knowledge and basic skills, while neglecting the cultivation of students' innovative spirit and practical ability, resulting in most students with "high scores and low abilities". This can no longer meet the needs of the development of society and the times. In view of this, based on the development of modern academics and personal experience, as well as the traditional cultural background and the current situation of our country, Ting Zhaozhong gave us advice: we should have the spirit of studying things to gain knowledge.

Pre-study assessment

Difficult words

Ding Zhaozhong ( ) Zhu Xi ( ) Measurement ( )

Hesitant ( ) Confucian ( ) At a loss ( )

Bury ( ), study things to learn ( ), stand by and watch ( )

Shape-like characters

Hesitation ( ) hesitation Confucianism ( ) Confucianism

Afraid ( ) Afraid Ru ( ) Ruzi

Brilliant ( ) Brilliant Cowardly ( ) Cowardly

word explanation

Investigate things: Investigate the principles of things. Grid, exploration, exhaustion.

To know: to gain knowledge.

Sincerity: Make your thoughts sincere, your thoughts pure, and do not deceive yourself.

Right mind: correct mind.

Self-cultivation: In the old days, it meant striving to improve one's moral character.

Qi Jia: Organize and manage household affairs.

overall perception

Read the text freely and sort out the context of the article.

Ask a question

Part One (1) How Chinese students should learn natural sciences.

analyse problem

The second part (2-12) uses the existing problems of Chinese students and their own personal experience to analyze the importance of experimental spirit in science from both positive and negative aspects.

Solve the problem

The third part (13) emphasizes the significance of cultivating experimental spirit and offers hope to China’s younger generation.

the second part

First floor (2)

Explain the true meaning of "investigating things to gain knowledge" from a positive perspective.

Second floor (3~5)

It proves from the negative side that traditional Chinese education does not pay attention to the true "investigation of things" and "achieving knowledge".

The third floor (6~12)

Analyze the importance of experimental spirit in science from both positive and negative aspects.

Text interpretation

1. What is the argument of this article?

We should have the spirit of studying things to gain knowledge.

2. What is the conclusion of this article?

I hope that our generation will have new understanding and thinking about investigating things and improving knowledge, so that the experimental spirit can truly become a part of Chinese culture.

What is the purpose of quoting sentences from "The University"?

Starting from the starting point of explaining Chinese traditional education, the meaning of "investigating things" and "zhizhi" is explained concisely and concisely, which not only clarifies the subject, but also shows that this point of view has a long history.

The author says that traditional Chinese education does not pay attention to the true study of things and the pursuit of knowledge. Why is this?

Induction: Because the purpose of traditional education is not to seek new knowledge, but to adapt to a fixed social system. The purpose of studying things to achieve knowledge is to enable people to achieve sincerity, integrity, self-cultivation, family order, country governance, and world peace.

Is the purpose of traditional Chinese education the same as the purpose of studying things to gain knowledge as taught by Professor Ding?

no the same. The purpose of Professor Ding's lecture is to obtain new knowledge through experiments. This is the true meaning of studying things to gain knowledge.

To illustrate this point, the author gives the example of Wang Yangming. Let’s discuss: Why did Wang Yangming’s “grid” bamboo fail?

This gentleman spent seven days thinking about the bamboo instead of putting it into practice. He mistook exploring the outside world for exploring himself and understanding the truth from within.

Wang Yangming's "investigation of things" is actually "investigation of oneself" rather than the study of the principles of all things. This is useless and cannot be applied to the current world. Proving that the purpose of traditional Chinese education is incorrect.

Read 6-12 natural paragraphs

Read aloud: The history of scientific development tells us that new knowledge can only be obtained through field experiments, not through self-examination or philosophical talk.

The sentence that reveals the argument of this paragraph is:

New knowledge can only be gained through field experiments.

How to experiment? What are the characteristics of the experiment?

(1) The experimental process is not passive observation, but active detection;

(2) An experiment is not a random measurement, it requires a positive and specific plan. It is particularly important to have an appropriate goal that serves as a guide throughout the exploration process.

Why should we have the spirit of studying things to gain knowledge?

“The spirit of studying things to achieve knowledge” is important in science on the one hand:

The progress of science tells us that new knowledge can only be obtained through field experiments, not through self-examination or philosophical talk.

On the other hand, it is also indispensable in coping with today’s world environment:

The current world and social environment are changing rapidly. The exchanges between different cultures in the world are getting closer and closer. The spirit of studying things and seeking knowledge can enable us to retain a skeptical and truth-seeking attitude in studying natural sciences, humanities and personal actions, and to discover the truth of things through practice. Will blindly accept what was believed to be the truth in the past, and will not wait for instructions from "academic authority".

What are the two aspects of the “real meaning” of studying things to achieve knowledge?

First, the only way to seek truth is to explore things objectively;

Second, exploration should be imaginative and planned, and one cannot passively stand by and watch.

Delve deeper

1. Why does the author advocate the spirit of “investigating things to gain knowledge” in the article?

First, students trained by traditional Chinese education lack practical ability and innovative spirit. Second, the history of scientific development tells us that new knowledge can only be obtained through field experiments, not through self-examination or philosophical talk. Third, it is essential to cope with today's world environment.

2. What reasoning methods are used in this article?

(1) Quote ancient sayings. For example, the beginning of the article quotes "Studying things to achieve knowledge" in "The Great Learning" and points out its basic meaning; the third paragraph quotes the eight items in "The Great Learning" which include "investigating things, achieving knowledge, sincerity, integrity, self-cultivation, ordering the family, governing the country, and bringing peace to the world."

(2) Presenting facts and reasoning are organically combined. In order to prove that traditional Chinese education does not attach importance to the study of things to achieve knowledge, the author first quoted the words from "The Great Learning" to prove that since the purpose of traditional education is not to seek new knowledge, but to adapt to a fixed social system, the true meaning of studying things to achieve knowledge is Buried. The author also cited the example of Wang Yangming, the great philosopher of the Ming Dynasty, who "grid" the bamboo in his yard, vividly and interestingly explaining

This principle. In order to prove the importance of the experimental spirit in science, the author first makes sense and analyzes from a positive perspective what the real experimental spirit is, then connects it with reality and points out the problems that most Chinese students have in their studies, and then uses his own experience to illustrate the traditional The disadvantages of education further demonstrate the importance of experimental spirit in science.

(3) Use contrast. For example, traditional Chinese education has buried the true meaning of knowledge through studying things, emphasizing that knowledge is acquired through inner realization and self-exploration, which is in sharp contrast to the history of scientific progress that shows that new knowledge can only be obtained through field experiments.

Artistic features

1. Clear and thoughtful thinking.

The beginning is closely related to the topic, starting from the origin of "studying things to achieve knowledge", leading to an understanding of its meaning and analysis of the reasons why ancient my country did not pay attention to the real "investigating things to achieve knowledge", clarifying people's misunderstandings; then the author starts from the two characteristics of the experimental process , analyze the importance of the true spirit of "investigating things to achieve knowledge" from three aspects: problems existing among Chinese students and the author's own personal experience; finally, he points out the two meanings of the true spirit of "investigating things to achieve knowledge" and issues a call. The full text has clear ideas and rigorous reasoning.

2. Combining examples, theoretical arguments and comparative arguments to make the argument sufficient and powerful.

When listing examples, the article uses a reasoning method that combines positive examples and negative examples. As a negative example, the fourth paragraph of the article cites the example of Wang Yangming's "purification" of bamboo, which proves that traditional Chinese education does not pay attention to the true practice of understanding things to achieve knowledge. The author also uses the method of contrastive argumentation to make the argument more distinct. Traditional Chinese education emphasizes the acquisition of knowledge through inner experience and self-exploration, which is in sharp contrast to today's new knowledge that can only be obtained through field experiments. All of this is strong evidence of the central thesis.

after class homework

With the title "How to avoid high scores and low abilities", write a review of about 500 words.

Reference answers to after-class exercises

1. Read the text carefully and think about it. What is the reason why some students have high scores and low abilities? How do we learn to adapt to the current world environment?

Reference answer: The reason why some students have high scores and low abilities is that under the background of traditional education and the influence of exam-oriented education, they "prefer theory and despise experiments, prefer abstract thinking and do not want to do it", so they score high in the exam. points, once you do research or need to do something, you will be at a loss.

2. What interesting experiences have you had in the process of exploring objective things? Speak up and communicate with your classmates. Then let’s talk about the true meaning of studying things to achieve knowledge.

Reference answer:

Example 1: If you pinch an egg with your fingers, you can easily break it; but when you put the egg in your palm, you cannot break it no matter what. After some research, I understood that this is the principle of balance of force.

Example 2: Put five bees and five flies into two glass bottles respectively, then face the bottom of the bottle to the bright light and the bottle mouth to the dark. A few hours later, all five flies found the exit and crawled out, while all five bees were killed. After consulting the information, we learned that bees regard the direction of light as the only way out and only know how to fly forward, while flies do not stare at the light. After hitting the wall, they know to look back and finally escape. The death of bees and flies illustrates a truth: when the way forward is blocked, you should look back at the right time. The fly trapped in the bottle looks back, perhaps due to a survival instinct.

Keywords: There should be teaching courseware on the spirit of studying things to achieve knowledge, Chinese courseware for the second volume of the eighth grade Chinese version, download of eighth grade Chinese slide courseware, download of PPT courseware on the spirit of studying things to achieve knowledge, .ppt format

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Update Time: 2024-08-06

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