"The Replacement of Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties" The emergence of the state and social changes - Xia, Shang and Zhou PPT courseware

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"The Replacement of Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties" The emergence of the state and social changes - Xia, Shang and Zhou PPT courseware

Learning objectives: Understand the changes in the Xia, Shang and Western Zhou dynasties, and describe the main contents of the Western Zhou Dynasty's feudal system

Learning focus: The main contents of the Western Zhou Dynasty enfeoffment system

Xia Dynasty - the first dynasty in Chinese history

1. The establishment of the Xia Dynasty

Founder: Yu

Date of establishment: 2070 BC

Capital: Yangcheng (now Dengfeng, Henan)

Territory: mainly includes present-day central and western Henan and southwestern Shanxi

Basic situation: The throne is hereditary; there are officials in charge of agriculture, animal husbandry, handicrafts, astronomy, and calendars; there are military, criminal law, prisons, etc., and it has initially taken the shape of a country.

2. Hereditary throne system

After the death of Yu, the hereditary system replaced the abdication system, and the "public world" became the "family world". The establishment of the hereditary system for the throne marked the transition of our country from a primitive society to a slave society.

Gongtianxia: Before Yu, the abdication system of selecting talents and democratically electing leaders of tribal alliances was an era in which "the world is for the public"

Family and the world: After Yu died, he passed on to his sons, and the hereditary system of the throne was implemented, entering the era of "the world is the family", that is, the world is owned by the emperor.

Primitive society: This is the first stage of human history (about 1.7 million years ago to 2070 BC). The level of human productivity in primitive society was very low, and the means of production were all publicly owned. With the improvement of productivity level and the emergence of product surplus, the differentiation of rich and poor and private ownership appeared. The original relationship of common distribution and common labor was destroyed and replaced by class society.

Slave society: With the emergence of private ownership, exploiting classes and exploited classes appeared in society, primitive society began to disintegrate, and slave society emerged. Slaves are regarded as the property of the slave owner and can be bought and sold freely. The slave owner can force the slave to work. Labor activities must be slave-based, without pay and personal freedom. In a human society, if most workers in the field of material production are slaves, such a society is called a slave society. (About 2070 BC~Spring and Autumn Period)

Why was the Xia Dynasty destroyed by Shang Tang?

Objective reasons: Xia Jie’s cruelty and cruelty;

Class conflicts were acute and slaves continued to resist, accelerating the collapse of Xia Jie's rule.

Subjective reasons: Shang Tang implemented benevolent policies and received support from most people;

Develop production and make the country strong;

Shang Tang established an image of seeking guilt and eliminating harm for the people;

Shang Dynasty - the second dynasty in ancient my country

1. The establishment of the Shang Dynasty

Date of establishment: 16th century BC

Created by: Tang

Capital: Bo

2. Pan Geng moved to Yin

In the early Shang Dynasty, the capital was moved several times

This reflects the political instability in the early days of the Shang Dynasty.

Pan Geng moved the capital to Yin, where it stabilized and did not move the capital again for more than 270 years. Therefore, the Shang Dynasty was also called "Yin Dynasty" or "Yin Shang". Pan Geng's move to Yin brought the Shang Dynasty from turmoil to stability, from decline to resurgence, and ushered in a new era of political and economic development.

3. King Wu defeated Zhou

During the Jichang period, Zhou Dynasty was not strong enough to fight against Yin, so he continued to submit to Yin and was named Yin Xibo. Shang Zhou "imprisoned Uncle Xi in a prison", so the Zhou people could only use BMWs and beauties to bribe Shang Zhou to free King Wen. Later, King Wen worked diligently and loved the people, and Zhou's national power became increasingly powerful. King Wen died and King Wu was established. He moved his capital to Haojing (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) and actively prepared to conquer merchants. In 1046 BC, the two sides fought a war in Muye, which was known as the "Battle of Muye" in history. The Shang army was defeated, and Shang Zhou fled back. He boarded Lutai and burned himself to death. The Shang Dynasty was destroyed.

Western Zhou Dynasty - the largest dynasty among the three dynasties

1. The establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty

Date of establishment: 1046 BC

Founder: King Wu of Zhou

Capital: Hogyeong

The territory of the Western Zhou Dynasty: extends to the East China Sea in the east, to western Shaanxi in the west, to Hunan in the south, and to Yanshan and Liaohe in the north. It is the largest dynasty among the three dynasties.

Duke Zhou’s decision?

At this time, the Zhou Dynasty also faced the following difficulties:

1. The remnants of the Shang Dynasty still have great power in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and need to be guarded against.

2. It is necessary to win the support of the descendants of the previous kings (Yao, Shun, Yu, etc.).

3. People of your own family and meritorious officials have made great contributions in helping to build the country and need to be rewarded.

2. Enfeoffment system

The enfeoffment system of the Western Zhou Dynasty was called "feudalism", which meant the establishment of feudal states.

After the Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty, in order to effectively rule the vast areas conquered by it, it enfeoffed the princes on a large scale, sent royal children or other nobles to various places to establish princely states, exercised the right to rule over the local areas on behalf of the Emperor of Zhou, and protected the Zhou Dynasty with vassal screens. royal family. The feudal princes were the kings of a country in the feudal country, but they had to obey the decrees of the Emperor of Zhou, make regular pilgrimages and pay tribute to the Emperor of Zhou, and "send troops to serve the king" in wartime. For this reason, the rule of the early and middle Western Zhou Dynasty was basically stable.

Responsibilities and obligations:

Function: The rule of the early and middle Western Zhou Dynasty was basically stable;

However, in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, it was easy for the princes to separatist regimes.

Purpose: To protect the royal family and strengthen the rule over the country with the vassal vassal of Zhou Dynasty.

Discussion: What are the similarities between the demise of the Xia, Shang and Western Zhou dynasties? What lessons do we draw from this?

①The last emperor was dissolute and immoral, and his tyranny destroyed the country.

② Rulers must be diligent in political affairs, care for the people, and govern the country in the interests of the people; employ people on a meritocratic basis and accept advice widely.

Those who win the hearts of the people win the world; those who lose the hearts of the people lose the world.

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For more information about the PPT courseware "The Origin of Nations and Social Changes in Xia, Shang, Zhou and the Replacement of Xia, Shang and Western Zhou", please click on the "The Origin of Nations and Social Changes in Xia, Shang and Zhou ppt Replacement of Xia, Shang and Western Zhou ppt" tags.

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Update Time: 2024-09-29

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