"The Composition of Atoms" Exploring the Water World PPT (Lesson 3)

Description

"The Structure of Atoms" Exploring the Water World PPT (Lesson 3), 18 pages in total.

1. Course introduction

Compared with atoms, the size of atomic nuclei is smaller. If atoms are compared to stadiums, then atomic nuclei are only equivalent to ants in the stadium.

2. Introduction to new courses

1. Electrons in atoms

There is only one electron outside the nucleus of an ordinary hydrogen atom, and this electron moves at high speed in the "huge" space outside the nucleus around the hydrogen nucleus. How do electrons move in atoms with many electrons?

electron configuration outside the nucleus

The movement of electrons outside the nucleus has its own characteristics, and there are areas where they often appear. Scientists call these regions electron shells. Extranuclear electrons move in different electron layers. This phenomenon is also called the hierarchical arrangement of extranuclear electrons.

The minimum number of electrons outside the nucleus of an element is 1, and the maximum number is 7. The number of electrons in the outermost layer does not exceed 8 (only the first layer does not exceed 2). When electrons are arranged, they are always first arranged in the electron layer with lower energy that is closer to the nucleus, and then gradually arranged to the outer layer according to the energy level.

stable structure of atoms

1. Rare gases are generally not prone to chemical reactions with other substances because their atoms have 8 (2 for helium) electrons in the outermost layer of their atoms. This structure is considered a stable structure.

2. The number of outermost electrons of metal atoms is generally less than 4, and it is easy to lose outermost electrons during chemical reactions, thereby achieving a stable structure.

3. The number of electrons in the outermost shell of non-metal atoms is generally greater than 4, and electrons are easily obtained during chemical reactions to achieve a stable structure in the outermost layer.

3. Practice in class

1. The figure below is a schematic diagram of the atomic structure of sulfur atoms. Which of the following descriptions of sulfur atoms is correct ( )

A. The first electron shell of a sulfur atom has 6 electrons

B. There are 16 protons in the nucleus of sulfur atom

C. The energy of the outermost electron of the sulfur atom is lower than the energy of the second electron.

D. Atoms are particles that cannot be divided further.

2. The schematic diagram of the atomic structure of a certain element is that there are _____ protons in the nucleus of the element, _____ electron shells outside the nucleus, and _____ electrons in the outermost electron shell. It is easy to _____ (fill in " Gain" or "lose") electrons to form _____ (fill in "yin" or "yang") ions.

3. If there are 2 electrons in the outermost shell of an atom of an element, then this element � �

A. Must be a non-metallic element B. It must be a metal element

C． It must be a rare gas element D. None of the above statements are correct

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Update Time: 2024-10-01

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