"Ionization of Electrolytes" Ion Reaction PPT

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"Ionization of Electrolytes" Ion Reaction PPT

Part One: Goals and Competencies:

1. Understand the concept of electrolytes. (Macroscopic identification)

2. Understand the ionization and conductive conditions of acids, bases, and salts in aqueous solutions. (Macroscopic identification and microscopic analysis)

3. Be able to write the ionization equation of electrolytes. (Macroscopic identification and microscopic analysis)

Ionization of electrolytes PPT, part 2: independent preview to explore new knowledge

1. Experiment to explore the conductivity of substances

Conclusion: Dry NaCl solid, dry KNO3 solid, and distilled water do not conduct electricity; NaCl solution and KNO3 solution can conduct electricity.

1. Electrolytes and non-electrolytes

(1) Electrolyte: ______ that can conduct electricity in ______ or ______ state.

(2) Non-electrolyte: ______ that cannot conduct electricity in ______ and in ______ state.

2. Common substance categories

Micro tip: Aqueous solutions of ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and carbon dioxide can conduct electricity because they react with water to form electrolytes NH3•H2O, H2SO3, and H2CO3. Ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and carbon dioxide are all non-electrolytes. Ammonia is a mixture not an electrolyte.

3. Why electrolytes conduct electricity

2. Ionization of acids, bases and salts in aqueous solutions

1. Ionization: The process in which electrolytes form _______________ when they dissolve in water or melt when heated.

2. Ionization equation

(1) Definition: The ionization equation is a formula that uses chemical formulas and ion symbols to express the ionization process of electrolytes.

(2)Example

① Sulfuric acid (H2SO4): H2SO4===2H++SO2-4.

②Sodium hydroxide (NaOH): NaOH===Na＋＋OH-.

③Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4): Na2SO4===2Na＋＋SO2-4.

3. Understand the nature of acids, bases and salts

(1) Acid: All the cations ionized by the electrolyte are ___, such as H2SO4, HNO3, etc.

(2) Alkali: The anions ionized by the electrolyte are all OH-, such as NaOH, Ba(OH)2, etc.

(3) Salt: The anions ionized by the electrolyte are acid ions; the cations are metal ions or ammonium ions, such as Na2SO4, NH4NO3, etc.

PPT on the ionization of electrolytes, part three: core breakthroughs and difficult problems

Writing of electrolyte ionization equation and factors affecting conductivity

1. Writing the ionization equation

(1) The ionization equations of strong acids, strong bases, and most salts are connected with "===" when writing, such as H2SO4===2H++SO2-4, NaOH===Na++OH-, NaCl===Na++Cl-.

(2) Ionization equation of acid salt

①The acid salt of strong acid is completely ionized in aqueous solution, such as NaHSO4===Na＋＋H＋＋SO2-4. The ionization equation of NaHSO4 in the molten state is NaHSO4===Na＋＋HSO-4.

② The acid salt of a weak acid ionizes in the solution to produce acid ions and cations, such as NaHCO3===Na＋＋HCO-3. The ionization equation in the molten state is the same as that in aqueous solution.

2. Things to note when writing ionization equations

(1) It is consistent with objective facts. Do not write ion symbols arbitrarily. Pay attention to correctly labeling the type and number of charges carried by ions.

(2) Conservation of mass, that is, the types of elements, the number of atoms or atomic groups on the left and right sides of the ionization equation are equal.

(3) Charge conservation, that is, the number of positive and negative charges on the right side of the ionization equation is equal, and the solution is electrically neutral.

3. Factors affecting the conductivity of electrolyte solutions

The conductivity of an electrolyte solution is related to the ion concentration in the solution and the charge carried by the ions. The greater the ion concentration, the more charges the ions carry, and the stronger the conductivity of the solution.

[Typical example] Conductivity experiments can be used as an effective method to study the ionization nature and reaction mechanism of electrolytes.

(1) In the device as shown in the figure below, if the light bulb is on, the substance A in the jar can be ________ (fill in the serial number).

① Dry sodium chloride crystals ② Dry sodium hydroxide crystals ③ Sucrose crystals ④ Alcohol ⑤ Sodium chloride solution ⑥ Sodium hydroxide solution ⑦ Dilute hydrochloric acid ⑧ Copper sulfate solution

(2) In a conductive device with an electrolyte solution (as shown in the figure below), if another solution is added dropwise to an electrolyte solution, the light bulb will change from bright to dim, and then gradually brighten again after being extinguished. _______(fill in the letters).

A. Add salt solution drop by drop to hydrochloric acid

B． Add sodium hydroxide solution dropwise to sulfuric acid

C． Add dilute hydrochloric acid dropwise to milk of lime

D． Add barium hydroxide solution dropwise to sulfuric acid

Ionization of electrolytes PPT, part 4 content: Improving literacy by meeting standards in class

1. Which of the following statements is correct ()

A. Liquid hydrogen chloride does not conduct electricity, so hydrogen chloride is a non-electrolyte

B． Aqueous solutions of carbon dioxide conduct electricity, so carbon dioxide is an electrolyte

C． Copper wire and graphite can both conduct electricity, so they are both electrolytes

D． Sucrose does not conduct electricity in aqueous solution or in the molten state, so sucrose is a non-electrolyte

D. Acids (such as hydrogen chloride, etc.), alkalis, and salts are all electrolytes. Non-metal oxides (such as carbon dioxide, etc.) and organic substances (such as sucrose, etc.) are non-electrolytes. Elemental substances are neither electrolytes nor non-electrolytes. ]

2. There is a solid compound X that does not conduct electricity, but conducts electricity in a molten state or dissolved in water. Among the following statements about

A. X must be electrolyte B. X may be a non-electrolyte

C． X can only be salts D. X can only be a base

A: Because the compound can conduct electricity in the molten state or dissolved in water, the compound must be an electrolyte, which can be a salt (such as sodium chloride) or an alkali (such as sodium hydroxide). ]

3. Which of the following ionization equations is correct ()

A. NaHSO4===Na＋＋H＋＋SO2－4

B． Cu(NO3)2===Cu2＋＋2(NO3)2－

C． Ca(OH)2===Ca2＋＋OH2－

D． K2SO4===K＋＋SO2－4

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For more information about the "Ionization of Ion Reaction Electrolytes" PPT courseware, please click on the Ionization of Ion Reaction ppt Electrolyte ppt tab.

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Update Time: 2024-10-02

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