"Science and Thought" Modern Science and Culture PPT Courseware

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"Science and Thought" Modern Science and Culture PPT Courseware

Read the first section of the text and think:

What achievements did Newton, Darwin, and Einstein respectively achieve in the field of science? What's the significance?

Newton (1643--1727) was a British scientist who was diligent in research throughout his life and made great achievements in mathematics, physics and other fields. "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" is his important work.

Newton──a great scientist and the founder of the theoretical system of classical physics. Born on January 4, 1643 in a yeoman family in England. He has been taciturn since childhood and has a stubborn personality. His academic performance was not outstanding in middle school. He just loved reading and was curious about natural phenomena. While studying at Cambridge University, he entered the palace of science and made brilliant achievements in natural sciences.

Darwin (1809-1882) was a British scientist who wrote "The Origin of Species" and proposed the theory of biological evolution.

Theory of evolution: also known as "theory of evolution" and "theory of evolution", usually refers to the theory of biological evolution. It is the science that studies the laws of biological evolution, biological development and how to apply these laws. It is an important department of biology. Darwin's "On the Origin of Species" laid the scientific foundation for the theory of evolution.

2. The Enlightenment Thoughts of Voltaire and others

Voltaire (1694-1778) was the recognized leader of the French Enlightenment in the 18th century. His major works include "Philosophical Correspondence", "Newton's Principles of Philosophy", "The Honest Man", etc.

(1) Believe in God, but strongly criticize the Catholic Church

(2) Oppose monarchy and advocate constitutional monarchy

(3) Emphasize the freedom and equality of the bourgeoisie and advocate enlightened governance

Class exercises

1. The slogan put forward by the Enlightenment thinkers in the 18th century for the bourgeoisie to oppose feudal rule was ()

A. humanism b. Freedom and equality

C. Peaceful development D. absolute monarchy

2. The thinker who criticized the Catholic Church, opposed the monarchy, and promoted "freedom" and "equality" is ( )

A. Octavian B. Dante

C. Voltaire d. Yan Fu

3. What promoted the outbreak of the bourgeois revolution in the United States and France and provided strong support for the emerging bourgeoisie to replace the feudal aristocracy in politics was ( )

A. humanism b. Marxism

C. Enlightenment thought D. relativity

Knowledge review

newton

Astronomy: Discovery of the law of gravity

Mathematics: Founding Calculus

Mechanics: Established a complete theoretical system of classical mechanics

Darwin published "The Origin of Species" and proposed the idea of ​​evolution

Einstein created the theory of relativity and won the Nobel Prize in Physics

enlightenment thought

Time of rise: 17th-18th century

Emerging Countries Netherlands � United Kingdom

Sports Center France

Representative Voltaire

Nature: The second ideological emancipation movement of modern mankind after the Renaissance

Core Ideas Rationalism

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Update Time: 2024-07-10

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