"Paris Commune" The International Workers' Movement and the Birth of Marxism PPT Courseware 2

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"Paris Commune" The International Workers' Movement and the Birth of Marxism PPT Courseware 2

1. Review of France’s development history

1. The period of constitutional monarchy rule (1789.7-1792.8) and the promulgation of the Declaration of Human Rights in 1789.8; 2. The period of the First French Republic (1792-1804) Jacobin dictatorship (Robespierre); 3. The First French Empire (1804-1815) Napoleon: promulgated the Code internally and launched war externally; 4. The July Monarchy (1815-1852) the monarchy established by Louis Philippe; 5. The Second French Republic (1848-1852) 1852) The moderate republicans represented by Cavaignac were in power; 6. The Second French Empire (1852-1870) Napoleon III established a monarchical regime; 7. The Third French Republic (1870-1940) 1871 2 In August, Thiers was elected as head of government and later president. He formally signed the Treaty of Frankfurt with Germany.

2. Historical conditions and reasons for the establishment of the Paris Commune

1. Historical conditions for the establishment of the Paris Commune

(1) Class basis: In the mid-19th century, the French capitalist economy developed rapidly and the workforce grew stronger.

(2) Ideological basis: the spread of various socialist theories and Marxist ideas

(3) Organizational conditions:

The establishment of the First International promoted the development of the labor movement

The First International, the International Working Men's Federation, was an international workers' federation established in 1864. Marx was one of the founders and de facto leader.

In the late 1850s and early 1860s, the European labor and democratic movements were on the rise. The practice of struggle against oppression and exploitation has made the proletariat of various European countries realize that they have common interests and enemies. The proletariat must unite on an international scale and use the international unity of the proletariat to fight against the international unity of the bourgeoisie. This awareness gave rise to the International Working Men's Association.

2. Direct reasons:

(The disastrous defeat of the Franco-Prussian War and the establishment of the Three Communists in France) The domestic and foreign policies of the Provisional Government of the Three Communists intensified the contradiction between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.

3. Time and place when the Paris Commune revolution broke out: (March 18, 1871; Paris)

4. The history of the Paris Commune Revolution

In the early morning of March 18, 1871, government troops were discovered while trying to seize the strategic locations in Paris - Montmartre Heights and Saumont Heights. The people of Paris fought back, and the provisional government fled Paris in disgrace. The people of Paris occupied the Hôtel de Ville.

1. Trigger: Government troops sneak attack on Montmartre

2. March 18, 1871, people’s uprising

3. On March 28, 1871, the Paris Commune was established

(On March 26, 1871, the Paris Commune held elections, and many outstanding workers and intellectuals were elected, such as Baudier, Varland, Blanqui, etc., a total of 81 people).

4. A series of revolutionary measures were taken to protect the fruits of the Paris Commune revolution:

Political aspects

Smash the old state machine and establish the dictatorship of the proletariat; disband the old army and replace it with the National Guard; stipulate that the salary of commune members shall not exceed the maximum wage of workers

(Reflecting the nature of the dictatorship of the proletariat: representing the interests of the broad masses of the people).

economic aspect

The businesses of fugitive capitalists were confiscated and handed over to workers for management; a series of laws were promulgated to protect the interests of workers.

(It touches on capitalist private ownership and has an obvious proletarian character)

Why is the Paris Commune said to be the world's first proletarian regime?

1. From the perspective of policy measures: Politically, it smashes the old machine and establishes a new proletarian state machine; Economically, it touches on capitalist private ownership and has obvious proletarian nature.

2. From the perspective of the process and main force of the struggle: The main force of the Paris Commune revolution was the Paris people and the masses, which embodied the proletarian revolution.

3. Judging from the leadership members: most of them are working class, reflecting the nature of the dictatorship of the proletariat: representing the interests of the broad masses of the people.

6. The significance of the Paris Commune Revolution:

① Nature: a great attempt at proletarian dictatorship; ② Function: smash the old state machinery and establish proletarian political power; ③ Impact: valuable experience, profound lessons, eternal principles, and immortal spirit.

Class exercises

1. The fundamental reason for the failure of the Paris Commune is ( )

A. It is the first proletarian regime in human history and lacks experience.

B. There is no leadership of a political party guided by Marxism

C. At that time, world capitalism was in a period of rising development.

D. Did not take advantage of the victory to pursue the enemy

2. The most important experience provided by the Paris Commune to the international socialist movement is ()

A. Be brave and unyielding when fighting against powerful enemies, and treat death as if you are going home.

B. Unite farmers and establish a worker-peasant alliance

C. Use violent means to overthrow bourgeois rule and establish the dictatorship of the proletariat

D. Eliminate the scum and purify the revolutionary ranks

3. The Paris Commune was a great attempt at proletarian revolution. The Paris Commune

A. It was established directly on the basis of overthrowing the Second French Empire.

B. Promote the establishment of the Communist Alliance

C. Marks the first time that the proletariat has entered the political and historical stage.

D. Provide useful experience in breaking the bourgeois state machine

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"Paris Commune" The International Workers' Movement and the Birth of Marxism PPT Courseware 3:

"Paris Commune" International Workers' Movement and the Birth of Marxism PPT Courseware 3 Copy and memorize: 1. The historical event that marked the emergence of the proletariat as an independent political force on the political stage was the British Chartist Movement. 2. The time of the British Chartist Movement was 1836-..

"Paris Commune" International Workers' Movement and the Birth of Marxism PPT courseware:

"Paris Commune" international workers' movement and the birth of Marxism PPT courseware learning objectives: 1. Be able to tell the establishment process of the Paris Commune, and be able to write about the nature and significance of the Commune 2. Tell the historical facts of the Bloody Week in May 3. Know "The Internationale" 》The creative process and feelings...

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Update Time: 2024-07-08

This template belongs to History courseware Zhonghua Book Company Edition Ninth Grade History Volume 1 industry PPT template

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