"Smelting and Protection of Metals" Metal PPT Courseware

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"Smelting and Protection of Metals" Metal PPT Courseware

Thinking: The existence form of metal in nature

A few metals exist in elemental form, while most other metals exist in compound form in metallic minerals.

1. Understand several common metal minerals

Hematite (main component Fe2O3)

Magnetite (main component Fe3O4)

Siderite (main component FeCO3)

Pyrite (main component FeS2)

Chalcocite (main component Cu2S)

Bauxite (main component Al2O3)

2. History and methods of metal smelting

In ancient China, China was at the forefront of the world in many metal smelting technologies.

Hall-Hellul aluminum electrolysis method: Using pure alumina as raw material and molten cryolite (Na3AlF6) as flux, aluminum is electrolytically produced.

Common metallurgical methods

Fire method (carbon reduction method)

C+2CuO==2Cu+CO2↑

electrolysis

2NaCl(melted)==2Na+Cl2↑

Direct thermal decomposition of metal oxides or sulfides

2HgO==2Hg+O2↑

3. Iron smelting

The main reaction principles of industrial ironmaking are:

Carbon monoxide is used to reduce iron from its oxides at high temperatures.

1. Experimental operation sequence:

Pass CO → light the alcohol lamp at the tail gas → light the alcohol blowtorch

Extinguish the alcohol blowtorch → stop the CO → extinguish the alcohol lamp at the tail gas

Why pass the CO first and then light the alcohol blowtorch?

At the end of the experiment, first extinguish the alcohol blowtorch and then stop passing CO?

4. Metal corrosion and protection

According to relevant reports, the annual loss of metal materials and equipment due to corrosion in the world is equivalent to about 1/4 of its annual output!

The main component of rust formed on the surface of steel is Fe2O3.

Explore: Conditions for iron to rust

[Ask a question]What are the conditions for iron to rust?

[Conjecture]

Conjecture 1: Iron is in contact with oxygen

Conjecture 2: Iron is in contact with water

Conjecture 3: Iron is in contact with oxygen and water at the same time

Summary - What you learned in this section:

Know some common metal minerals;

Understand the chemical principles of making iron from iron ore;

Understand the conditions and protection methods for steel rust;

Learned how to use controlled experimental conditions to explore chemical problems

Thoughts after class:

1. Why did meteorite, the first elemental iron discovered by humans, come from outer space?

2. In the experiment of reducing Fe2O3 with CO, is there still CO in the device after the experiment? What should be done to remove it and avoid polluting the air?

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For more information about the "Smelting and Protection of Metals" PPT courseware, please click on the Metal ppt Metal Smelting and Protection ppt tag.

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Update Time: 2024-10-02

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Beijing Curriculum Reform Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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