"Atmospheric Heating Process and Atmospheric Movement" Atmosphere on Earth PPT

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"Atmospheric Heating Process and Atmospheric Movement" Atmosphere on Earth PPT

Part One: Teaching Objectives

1. Understand the formation principles of thermodynamic circulation and learn to explain related geographical phenomena.

2. Understand the horizontal movement of the atmosphere - the influencing factors of wind, and be able to judge the wind direction and wind force on the isobars.

Atmospheric heating process and atmospheric movement PPT, part 2 content: The weakening effect of the atmosphere on solar radiation

Sun radiation

1. In which waveband is solar radiation energy mainly concentrated?

2. What are the main forms of the weakening effect of the atmosphere on solar radiation?

Absorption, scattering, reflection

atmospheric absorption

Atmospheric absorption is selective

The atmosphere absorbs very little visible light, which has the strongest energy among solar radiation, and most of the visible light can pass through the atmosphere to the ground.

Atmospheric heating process and atmospheric movement PPT, part 3: atmospheric scattering

Participating atmospheric components: air molecules and tiny dust

The shorter the wavelength, the easier it is to be scattered

Features: Selective

atmospheric reflection

Participating atmospheric components: water vapor, clouds (most notably) and aerosols

Features: No choice

It is cloudy during the day, and the thick clouds block the solar radiation reaching the ground. The temperature will not be too high.

Atmospheric heating process and atmospheric movement PPT, Part 4 content: Ground radiation and atmospheric radiation

Ground radiation

Concept: The ground absorbs solar radiation that passes through the atmosphere and heats up, and at the same time releases radiation energy to the outside (mainly to the atmosphere). Ground radiation is long-wave radiation, and solar radiation is short-wave radiation.

Function: The troposphere can directly absorb part of the ground radiation. Ground radiation is the direct energy source for the warming of the tropospheric atmosphere.

atmospheric radiation

Concept: The atmosphere absorbs ground radiation to increase temperature, and also radiates energy outward, that is, atmospheric radiation. Atmospheric radiation directed toward the ground is called atmospheric reverse radiation.

Influencing factors: The more water vapor and carbon dioxide there is in the atmosphere, the more ground radiation is absorbed and the stronger the atmospheric radiation is.

Atmospheric radiation and atmospheric reverse radiation are also long-wave radiation.

Atmospheric heating process and atmospheric movement PPT, Part 5: Thermodynamic circulation

Cause of formation: Uneven cold and heat on the ground, which is the simplest form of atmospheric movement

Isobars: Refers to closed lines connecting locations on a plane where the air pressure is equal within a certain period of time.

Isobaric surface: refers to the surface with the same air pressure.

Air pressure distribution rules:

The air pressure near the ground and high in the sky are opposite in the same vertical direction

High temperature, low pressure

Common thermodynamic circulation in life—urban heat island effect

Urban heat island effect: refers to the phenomenon that the temperature in the city is significantly higher than that in the outer suburbs. The urban area is a high-temperature area. Due to the high temperature near the ground in the central area of ​​the heat island, the atmosphere moves upward, creating a pressure difference with the surrounding areas. The atmosphere near the ground in the surrounding areas converges towards the central area. It's the same during the day and night, both blowing from the suburbs to the city.

Common thermal circulation in life—valley breeze

In valley areas, the temperature of the slopes is higher than the atmosphere at the same height during the day, and warm air rises along the slopes, forming valley winds. At night, the temperature of the slopes is lower than the atmosphere at the same height, and the cold air sinks along the slopes, forming mountain breezes.

Horizontal movement of the atmosphere - wind

horizontal pressure gradient force

The direct cause of wind formation [fundamental cause: uneven cold and heat on the ground]

Perpendicular to the isobars, pointing from high pressure to low pressure

The denser the isobars, the greater the horizontal pressure gradient force and the greater the wind speed.

high altitude wind

Parallel to isobars

Because the geostrophic deflection force is always perpendicular to the direction of motion of an object. When the georotational deflection force is balanced by the horizontal pressure gradient force, the object maintains its original state of motion.

Wind near the ground:

diagonally across the isobars

Because there is friction on the ground, the direction of the friction is opposite to the direction of the object's motion. Friction changes both the direction and speed of an object's motion.

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Update Time: 2024-11-22

This template belongs to Geography courseware People's Education Press High School Geography Compulsory Course 1 industry PPT template

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