"The Circle Structure of the Earth" The Earth in the Universe PPT download

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"The Circle Structure of the Earth" The Earth in the Universe PPT download

Part One Content: Learning Objectives:

1. Understand the characteristics of seismic waves and their application in dividing the earth's inner circles.

2. Master the divisions and characteristics of the earth's internal circles. (emphasis)

3. Understand the composition and significance of the earth’s outer spheres. (emphasis)

The Earth’s Spherical Structure PPT, Part 2: Independent Preview and Exploration of New Knowledge

1. The Earth’s Internal Sphere Structure

1. seismic waves

(1) Classification: A in the picture represents ______, and B represents ______.

(2) Characteristics A wave: The propagation speed is slow and can only be propagated through _____ B wave: The propagation speed is fast and can be propagated through _______

(3) Wave speed changes

①. At an average of 33 kilometers C underground (referring to the continental part); the propagation speed is obviously _____.

②. At D, 2,900 kilometers underground: Wave A ________, wave B propagates suddenly at ______.

2. Circle division

(1) Basis: The changes of seismic waves in the earth’s interior ______.

(2) Interface: C in the picture is ______, D is ______. F is ______, G is ______, and H is the crust.

(3) Circle division and characteristics

① Crust (H): composed of ______, varying in thickness (______ thin crust, ______ thick crust).

② Mantle (G): divided into upper mantle and lower mantle. There is a ______ layer in the upper part of the upper mantle, which may be the origin of ______. The top of the upper mantle and the crust form ______.

③Earth's core and outer core F: Metal material in the ______ state, and its movement forms the ______ of the earth. Core E: extremely dense ______ metal ball

2. The outer structure of the earth

1. atmosphere

A complex system composed of ______ and ______, the main components of which are ______ and ______.

2. Hydrosphere

(1) Composition: Various forms of water bodies on the surface and near the surface, the main body of which is the ocean.

(2) Characteristics: Water is one of the natural geographical elements of ______, which mainly affects __________ and energy conversion on the earth's surface.

3. biosphere

Two major components: Earth’s surface ______ and its environment

Scope of activity: atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere

Concentrated distribution: in ______ where the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere are very thin

(1) When an earthquake occurs, people in the water feel the same as people on land. ()

(2) The lithosphere is the earth’s crust. ()

(3) The propagation speed of seismic waves changes significantly at 33 kilometers. ()

(4) The hydrosphere penetrates into the lithosphere. ()

(5) The most active part of the Earth’s outer sphere is ()

A. Atmosphere B. Hydrosphere

C． Lithosphere D. biosphere

The Earth’s Spherical Structure PPT, Part Three: Collaborative Exploration and Overcoming Difficulties

Earth's inner sphere

The China Seismological Network officially determined that a magnitude 3.8 earthquake occurred in Hejing County, Bayinguo Prefecture, Xinjiang at 4:41 on November 24, 2018 (42.39°N, 84.65°E), with a focal depth of 8 kilometers.

Question 1 (Comprehensive thinking) Where did this earthquake occur inside the earth?

Tip: Earthquakes occur in the lithosphere.

Question 2 (Comprehensive thinking) How was the energy of this earthquake transmitted to the ground?

Tip: The energy from an earthquake is transmitted to the ground in the form of seismic waves.

Question 3 (Geographical Practice Ability) Infer the vibration patterns of objects on the ground after an earthquake occurs.

Tip: Due to the different propagation speeds of seismic waves, objects on the ground should first vibrate up and down, and then sway left and right.

[Summary]

1. The specific divisions and characteristics of the Earth’s inner spheres

Taking the Moho interface and the Gutenberg interface as boundaries, the interior of the earth can be divided into three spheres: the crust, the mantle, and the core. See the table below for detailed comparison.

2. The difference and connection between the earth’s crust and lithosphere

The crust is located above the Moho interface and is a thin, hard outer layer of rock on the Earth's surface. The lithosphere is different from the earth's crust. The lithosphere includes the earth's crust and the top of the upper mantle (above the asthenosphere). The relationship between the two is shown in the figure below:

1. The propagation speed of seismic waves in different media is different. Scientists use this principle to explore the internal structure of the earth. Answer questions (1) to (2) accordingly.

(1) Scientists have discovered that when seismic waves propagate inside the earth, shear waves completely disappear at a depth of about 2,900 kilometers from the ground, and the propagation speed of longitudinal waves also suddenly decreases. This explains()

A. There is magma inside the earth

B． The temperature changes in the upper and lower layers at this depth are obvious

C． Continental crust and oceanic crust have different thicknesses

D． There is a big difference in the material composition of the upper and lower layers at this depth

(2) People often use seismic waves in production activities ()

A. transmit sound signal

B． Conduct geological prospecting

C． Investigate crop pests

D． Measure the height of a mountain

(1)D　(2)B　Question (1), in different media, the propagation speed of seismic waves is different, and shear waves can only propagate through solids, so according to the wave speed at 2,900 kilometers underground It can be seen from the changes that there is a big difference in the material composition of the upper and lower layers here. Question (2): If there are mineral resources somewhere underground, then its material composition must be different from that of the surrounding areas, which will cause abnormal changes in seismic wave speed. ]

The Earth’s Spherical Structure PPT, Part 4 Content: Achieving Literacy Standards and Solidifying the Basics

The propagation speed of seismic waves in different media is different. Scientists use this principle to detect the internal structure of the earth based on the changes in the propagation speed of seismic waves in the interior of the earth. Answer questions 1-2 accordingly.

1. Which of the following statements about the propagation speed of seismic waves is correct ()

A. Where the seismic wave velocity suddenly changes, there is a big difference in the material composition of the upper and lower layers.

B． As seismic waves propagate downward, their speed increases

C． The transverse waves in seismic waves cannot pass through the asthenosphere, and there are only longitudinal waves below the asthenosphere.

D． At any depth, the propagation speed of transverse waves is greater than that of longitudinal waves.

2. Which statement about the structure of the Earth’s inner sphere is correct ()

A. The boundary between the crust and core is the Gutenberg interface

B． The temperature, pressure and density of the core are smaller

C． Under the Moho interface, the propagation speed of longitudinal waves suddenly decreases and the transverse waves disappear completely.

D． Under the Moho interface, the propagation speed of both longitudinal and transverse waves increases significantly.

1.A　2.D　[Question 1. Since seismic waves propagate at different speeds in different media, based on the sudden change in seismic wave speed, it can be inferred that there is a big difference in the material composition of the upper and lower layers; shear waves can move in soft Propagate in the flow layer; at any depth, the propagation speed of transverse waves is smaller than that of longitudinal waves. Question 2: Under the Moho interface, the propagation speed of longitudinal waves and transverse waves increases significantly; under the Gutenberg interface, the propagation speed of longitudinal waves decreases, and the propagation speed of transverse waves disappears completely. The Moho interface is the boundary between the Earth's crust and mantle. The Gutenberg interface is the boundary between the mantle and core. ]

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For more information about the PPT courseware "The Earth in the Universe and the Circle Structure of the Earth", please click on the "Earth in the Universe ppt Circle Structure of the Earth" ppt tag.

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Update Time: 2024-09-07

This template belongs to Geography courseware People's Education Press High School Geography Compulsory Course 1 industry PPT template

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