"New Developments in the Industrial Revolution" PPT courseware for the second industrial revolution

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"New Developments in the Industrial Revolution" PPT courseware for the second industrial revolution

Read the textbook and discuss the questions

Another iconic power machine of the Second Industrial Revolution was ________; how do you understand "another".

Give examples of applications of internal combustion engines (new vehicles; agricultural machinery)

The beginning of the modern automobile industry: _________ in Germany; _________ in the United States.

The most convenient means of transportation invented by mankind in the 20th century ________; inventor?

What impact have new means of transportation had?

consolidate learning

1. Creation of the internal combustion engine

In the second technological revolution, the internal combustion engine eventually replaced the steam engine and became the main force in modern power engines. What advantages do you think it has?

Please give some examples of using internal combustion engines as power engines.

2. The emergence of automobiles

In 1885, _____ Chinese engineers _____ and _____ invented the automobile; soon, _____ Chinese automobiles, represented by _____ company, became the world's largest automobile manufacturer at that time.

Distinguish:

The impact of the advent of automobiles

Zhengfang: The development of automobiles has brought us a lot of convenience, and we should actively develop the automobile industry.

Opponent: The development of automobiles has brought us many problems such as air pollution, traffic accidents, and traffic jams. Therefore, the development of the automobile industry should be stopped.

Characteristics and Impact of the Second Industrial Revolution

(1) Characteristics of the Second Industrial Revolution:

1. Natural science and technology began to be closely integrated with industrial production. Science and technology, as the primary productive force, became the direct driving force for social development and progress.

2. The second industrial revolution started almost at the same time in major European and American capitalist countries, and its influence spread rapidly to all parts of the world. In some emerging countries, the two industrial revolutions took place at the same time.

3. It brings capitalism into a new stage of development. Free capitalism evolves into monopoly capitalism, and the world colonial system and the capitalist world economic system are finally established.

4. With the invention and application of electricity and motors as the main symbol, electric energy has become the dominant energy source, and mankind has entered the electrical age.

(ii) The impact of the second industrial revolution:

1. It has greatly developed social productivity and promoted the rapid development of the world economy.

2. It further changes people’s lifestyle and improves the quality of life.

3. Promoted lasting and profound structural changes in the production field. The electric power industry, steel, petrochemical industry and automobile manufacturing became the four new pillar industries in the second industrial revolution. Joint-stock companies gradually formed the dominant form of factory enterprises, and modern production lines began to appear.

4. Greatly promote the contact and cooperation between enterprises and departments.

5. It led to the emergence of monopoly organizations, which adapted to and promoted social productivity.

6. The monopoly bourgeoisie gradually took control of the country's political and economic life, expanded wildly, and set off a frenzy to carve up the world.

7. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, major capitalist countries (the United States, Germany, Britain, France, Japan, Russia, etc.) successively entered the stage of monopoly capitalism, that is, the stage of imperialism.

8. Bring mankind into the electrical age.

(iii) The impact of the second industrial revolution on China:

After the second industrial revolution, imperialism set off a frenzy to carve up China, and China was completely reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society; the Chinese people's national salvation movement surged, such as the Revolution of 1911.

What useful lessons can we learn from looking back at the results of the two industrial revolutions? What do you think?

Enlightenment: 1. Science and technology are the primary productive forces, and science and technology promote great progress in society.

2. While developing the economy, we must pay attention to protecting the environment and adhere to the sustainable development strategy.

3. Economic development requires abundant funds and a peaceful and stable social environment.

4. We must learn from scientists’ spiritual qualities of being brave in innovation and striving to explore the mysteries of science.

Thoughts: We must adhere to the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education; develop education and cultivate talents; introduce foreign advanced technology and equipment; develop high and new technologies, and strengthen the research and application of science and technology;

practice

Multiple choice questions

1. Judging from the picture, the achievements of the second industrial revolution are: ( )

2. The outstanding features of the second industrial revolution are

A. The development of science and technology is closely integrated with industrial production.

B. Production and capital are increasingly concentrated

C. Strengthening of world economic, political and cultural ties

D. Interspersed with the first industrial revolution

3. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, what new forms of transportation could people use when traveling?

9. Discussion: What do the achievements of inventors such as Benz, the Wright brothers, and Edison illustrate in the second industrial revolution?

It shows that a person's success requires not only personal factors, such as quick observation, rich imagination, active creative thinking and innovation ability; it also requires the support and protection of social conditions, such as the needs of social production and life, relatively advanced Technical support, social public opinion and social system’s encouragement and protection of inventions and creations, etc.

10. (1) Why is it said that the development of the second industrial revolution has closer ties with all parts of the world?

The creation of automobiles, airplanes and other means of transportation promoted the development of the transportation industry

The invention of information transmission tools has increased the speed of information transmission;

(2) In daily life, what benefits has the development of the technological revolution brought to you or your family?

For example, televisions, radio cassette players, etc. enrich people's spiritual life; washing machines, refrigerators, etc. reduce people's housework; electric lights bring convenience to our lives; etc.

(3) What do you think about this?

Science and technology are the primary productive forces, promoting the modernization of social life and improving people's lives; we must establish a love for science from an early age, learn science, and use science and technology to contribute to society; etc.

Classroom consolidation:

1. Which new machines were invented in the first and second industrial revolutions that promoted the creation of new means of transportation, and in turn promoted the development of which new energy sources?

Answer: ① In the first industrial revolution, Watt’s improved steam engine promoted the invention of trains and steamships, and promoted the development of new energy coal;

②In the second industrial revolution, the invention of electric motors and internal combustion engines promoted the invention of automobiles and airplanes, and promoted the development of new energy, electricity, and oil.

2. List: the times and symbols of the first and second industrial revolutions.

①The first industrial revolution began in the 1760s and completed in the first half of the 19th century, marked by the widespread application of improved steam engines;

②The second industrial revolution began from the second half of the 19th century to the early 20th century, and was marked by the invention and widespread application of electricity and internal combustion engines.

3. What are the new means of transportation invented in the first and second industrial revolutions?

Answer: ① The first industrial revolution: trains and steamships; ② The second industrial revolution: automobiles and airplanes.

Enlightenment:

1 Science and technology are the primary productive forces

2 The innovative spirit of scientists is admirable

3. While developing the economy, we must pay attention to protecting the environment.

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Update Time: 2024-11-24

This template belongs to History courseware East China Normal University Edition Ninth Grade History Volume 2 industry PPT template

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