"Common Sense of Organic Matter" Modern Life and Chemistry PPT Courseware 2

Description

"Common Sense of Organic Matter" Modern Life and Chemistry PPT Courseware 2

learning target

1. Be able to judge and distinguish typical organic substances and remember the typical characteristics of organic substances;

2. Remember the properties and uses of methane;

3. Understand the properties and uses of ethanol and acetic acid.

1. Characteristics of organic matter

Sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, copper sulfate, etc.,

Inorganic compounds: Compounds that do not contain carbon, referred to as inorganics.

Oil, sugar, vinegar, protein, plastic, fiber, etc.,

Organic compounds: compounds containing carbon, referred to as organic matter.

Notice:

1. Compounds containing carbon are not necessarily organic. Some carbon-containing compounds, such as: CO, CO2, H2CO3, carbonates, etc. Since their composition, structure and properties are similar to inorganic substances, they are still classified as inorganic compounds;

2. In addition to carbon elements, organic compounds may also contain elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, phosphorus and sulfur.

Observation activities: Characteristics of organic matter

1. Physical state: Observe the form of organic matter such as engine oil, peanut oil, film, camphor, etc.

2. Solubility test: Add 5mL of water, ethanol and gasoline to a small test tube, then add the tested organic matter respectively, shake thoroughly, and observe the solubility.

3. Flammability experiment: Take a small amount of organic matter, place it in an evaporating dish, ignite it, and observe the phenomenon.

Characteristics of organic matter:

1. Most organic substances are difficult to dissolve in water, but are easily soluble in organic solvents such as gasoline; 2. Most organic substances are easy to decompose when heated and are easy to burn;

3. Organic matter contains carbon. In addition, organic matter generally contains hydrogen, and may contain oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, sulfur and other elements;

4. Most organic substances are non-conductors and have low melting and boiling points.

2. Several simple organic compounds

1. Methane: CH4 - the simplest organic compound

Exploration Activity: Properties of Methane

1. Observe a bottle of methane gas;

2. Combustion of methane: Ignite the methane released from the tube (it must be pure before ignition), cover a cold and dry beaker above the flame, and after a while, observe the phenomenon on the beaker. Quickly turn the beaker upside down, pour a small amount of clear lime water into the beaker, shake it, and observe the phenomenon.

Phenomenon: Methane is a gas with _____ color and _____ smell. When burning, the flame is _____ color and releases a lot of heat. There are _______ on the inner wall of the beaker, and the gas that can clarify the lime water __________ is generated.

in conclusion:

1. Methane is a colorless, odorless gas that is less dense than air and insoluble in water;

2. When methane burns, it releases a lot of heat, and the flame is blue. The chemical equation of complete combustion is: CH4+2O2== CO2+2H2O.

Notice:

The purity of methane must be checked before ignition: this is to check whether methane is mixed with oxygen or air mixture during the experimental production process, so as to prevent explosion and experimental accidents caused by large-scale use.

Purity test method: Block the test tube full of gas with your thumb, move it close to the lit alcohol lamp, and then remove your thumb to listen for a "pupu" sound or a sharp popping sound. If it makes a "pupu" sound, the purity is sufficient; If there is a sharp crackling sound, it is not pure enough and needs to be collected again.

2. Ethanol: C2H5OH

(1) Common name: alcohol

(2) Colorless, special odor, flammable liquid

(3) Burning in air releases a lot of heat

C2H5OH + 3O2 == 2CO2 + 3H2O

(4) ① The ethanol content in all drinking wines is generally less than 50%;

②Disinfection alcohol generally contains 70% ethanol;

③Industrial alcohol contains about 95% ethanol - a small amount of methanol (a colorless, flammable and toxic liquid that can cause blindness or even death after drinking).

Uses of ethanol:

①Fuel—ethanol gasoline; ②Solvent—iodine;

③ Disinfectants - medical alcohol; ④ Chemical raw materials - manufacturing spices, etc.

3. Acetic acid: CH3COOH

(1) Commonly known as: acetic acid;

(2) Pure acetic acid is a colorless liquid with a strong pungent odor and is highly corrosive and cannot be eaten directly;

(3) The main component of vinegar contains about 3% to 5% acetic acid;

(4) Important raw materials for the production of acetate fiber, spray paint, spices, fuel and medicine, etc.

Classic examples

Knowledge point 1: Characteristics of organic matter

1. Among the following compounds, which one is an organic compound ( )

A. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) B. Carbonic acid (H2CO3)

C. Acetic acid (CH3COOH) D. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

Knowledge point 2: Several simple organic compounds

1. Among the following substances, the chemical name, common name and chemical formula are completely consistent with each other ( )

A. Methane, biogas, CH4

B. Acetic acid, acetic acid, CH3COOH

C, ethanol, liquor, C2H5OH

D. Calcium carbonate, limestone, CaCO3

Knowledge training

1. Which of the following substances are organic substances ( )

①salt ②starch ③sucrose ④fat ⑤protein

A.①②③④⑤ B.②③④⑤

C.③④⑤ D.④⑤

2. What is not a characteristic of organic matter ( )

A. Most organic substances are poorly soluble in water and easily soluble in organic solvents

B. Organic reactions are more complex and generally slower.

C. Most organic matter is not easy to decompose when heated and is not easy to burn.

D. Most organic substances are non-electrolytes, difficult to conduct electricity, and have low melting points.

3. Which of the following statements about the properties of methane is incorrect ( )

A． Methane burns in the air to produce water and carbon dioxide

B． Methane is a colorless, odorous gas

C. Methane is a simple organic compound

D． Methane is extremely insoluble in water

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For more information about the PPT courseware "Modern Life and Common Sense of Chemistry and Organic Compounds", please click the "Modern Life and Chemistry ppt Common Sense of Organic Compounds" ppt tag.

"Common Sense of Organic Matter" Modern Life and Chemistry PPT Courseware 3:

"Common Sense of Organic Matter" Modern Life and Chemistry PPT Courseware 3 Knowledge Review Knowledge Point 1 Characteristics of Organic Matter Compounds Organic compounds (organic matter): compounds composed of __________, such as: glucose, alcohol, acetic acid, paraffin, etc. Inorganic compounds (..

"Common Sense of Organic Matter" Modern Life and Chemistry PPT Courseware:

"Common Sense of Organic Matter" Modern Life and Chemistry PPT Courseware New Knowledge Preview 1. Characteristics of Organic Matter 1. Organic compounds are compounds containing ____, referred to as organic compounds. 2. Characteristics of organic matter: ① Generally ____ is soluble in water; ② ____ is soluble in organic solvents; ③..

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Update Time: 2024-07-30

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware Cantonese Education Edition Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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